Interpretation of koan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpretation of koan - Essay ExampleWe must realize that every organism that exists has add together to be, because the Universal Power willed it to. So every living being is unique and important. The power that created it will excessively provide for it and nurture it. Therefore, there is no need to be overly anxious about the future, and our sustenance. Our spring will provide for us.There are many among us who are overanxious about deceitful things like how we should clothe ourselves, in order perhaps to create a favorable impression on others. We forget that being natural and simple has a greater appeal to the esthetic sense than being ostentatious. The flowers in nature in their natural simplicity are as attractive-or even more-than a fairy decked out in all his finery. If we are mindful of our own true natures, and remain as cosy to them as our Creator willed us to be, then we need no embellishment.All we need is trust and faith in the Lord that we shall be provided fo r. If we seek the Lord with sincerity we shall find him. Think of this-if we seek anything in life and seek it with single mindedness and in humility, we shall have what we seek. And remember the virtue of sharing. What we have is to be share with others. We need not be greedy and crave more than our due. And if we share, so will others share with us, and our demand will be met.In Buddhism the value of poverty should not be underesti

Organization from a communication management perspective Assignment

Organization from a chat focussing perspective - Assignment ExampleThese social media categories serves the validational converse to its intended listening. Its intended audience could be the disposals members and officers and in the case of a business organization, to its target market, shareholders, potential customers and restrictive agencies. The use of social networking does not just provide an interactive nett presence but as well as reinforces the convinced(p) image of the company by informing the public about the organizations products, service and activities including its business practices that would reflect good corporate citizenship consistent with the practice of ideal organizational communication. Theories of organizational communication posits that organizations need to relay itself not only with its internal customers (employees) but also with the external customers not only the positive activities that made them as organization but also the values that hel p shape the organization thereby fostering not only understanding about the company but also reinforces its positive image as well (Dainton and Zelley, 2005). Social networking as a function of social media is also an subtle platform to communicate corporate culture that animates the organization enabling its intended audience to understand and extend to with the company better.Another social media category that can benefit an organization from a communication management perspective is the search category such as Google and Bing. This is essential because search engine ranking establishes the web presence of the organization. If the organization cannot be found on the search engine either through observable search or links, it would also be tantamount to being absent in the web. Even if the organization has an excellent website or social media page, it would be tantamount to nothing if it cannot be reached by its intended audience. In organizational communication, it is essential that the message of the

The Penalties for Plagiarism Are Too Harsh Essay

The Penalties for Plagiarism be Too Harsh - Essay ExamplePlagiarism is in itself non against the law plainly it is considered as academic dishonesty and is dealt with seriously in almost all collages in the developed world. Copyright violations ar the most serious manifestation of plagiarism .It occurs when a work which is restricted by copyright is both used or distri only ifed without the consent of the copyright holder. The most usual punishment handed out to students who argon guilt of plagiarism is a score of zero or a failing grade in the assignment concerned. However other punishments atomic number 18 also meted out. This includes suspensions from the course for a stipulated period, expulsion from the college or plain in some cases revoking the degree of the student completely or in part. The punishment meted out depends on the history of the student and the degree to which plagiarism has been done. Clearly the punishments stated above peck destroy the in all academi c career of the student. A failing grade in the final exam can be as good as revoking the degree of the student. These punishments grow harsher as the student goes in to higher eruditeness institutes. The first factor against the punishments for plagiarism is that they are arbitrary and do non follow any pertinacious pattern. Students are completely at the mercy of the teacher concerned. Imagine a rule of law in which your punishment simply depends on the judge concerned and follows no fixed rules. Someone may evolve with murder while other person may be hanged for a simple robbery. A plagiarism tax has been devised in UK to bring about some standardization in punishments and remove the inconsistencies .This plagiarism tariff uses a sliding scale which takes into account the amount of plagiarism , history of student , level of pack and value of assignment in order to decide punishment (Grove). However a study conducted by Jon Scott and Jo Badge which investigated the use of th is tariff found it to be inconsistent, arbitrary and treats all cases in a standardized manner (Badge and Jon). Treating all cases alike is another problem with plagiarism punishments. It doesnt matter whether a sensation line or an entire work was copied everyone is given the aforementioned(prenominal) punishment. This creates a sense of fear among the students. leave out of knowledge of law is not a reason for not following it. The same goes for plagiarism. Colleges are suppositional to be learning institutes but they prefer to treat students as criminals. Innocent cases for plagiarism where the student was not level(p) aware that he had plagiarized are treated in the same way excerpt offenders are treated. American colleges are full of diversity with students coming from different parts of the world. Plagiarism is not taken seriously in developing countries. These students usually face a rude shock when they are suspended or failed for plagiarism which they committed uninte ntionally (Palmer). Students are not only penalized for plagiarizing published work, but they are also punished for what is known as collusion. Collusion means students discussing an individual assignment and presenting the same ideas in their papers (Pecorari). Collusion as an offense is not only ridiculous but even discourages learning. If every student was to learn on his own, there would be no use of regular colleges. Everyone can learn through correspondence. In a college, students not only learn by attending lectures but learning by discussion among each other

Global Warming and how it Relates to Tsunami Essay

Global Warming and how it Relates to Tsunami - Essay ExampleMichael Crichtons State of Fear, for example, claims of eco-terrorists creating ecological disasters standardised tsunami in an effort to reinforce paranoia about abrupt climate change (Apologetics 2005). Hundreds of scientists, however, including those from the National Academy of Sciences, the American geophysical Union and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change consider the challenges raised by Crichton that planetary melt is here on account of human-caused emissions, non just inbred factors (NRDC 2004).In its annual report, the Natural Resources defence force Council (NRDC) said higher temperatures may cause drought, disease, floods, and lost ecosystems and that global melting effects have already begun from sweltering heat to rising seas (GW, NRDC n.d.). Solutions are however in sight, with them knowing that most heat-trapping gases come from indicator plants and vehicles. Hence, part of the action will h ave to come from curbing emissions, employing modern technologies and stronger laws, promoting online activism, pressing businesses to use little energy and build more efficient products, and fighting for laws that will speed these advances (Ibid).Global warming refers altogether to the fact that the Earths atmosphere is warming near its surface. It simply means the earth is getting hotter but does not imply a cause or speak to cause something. The scientific community believes climate changes like global warming have occurred throughout Earths history and will continue to occur in the coming(prenominal) (What is GW, WiseGeek 2005).Terms and meanings. Climate scientists who prefer references to climate, claim that the term, global warming, is imprecise and should be avoided in public talk as it is confusing. However one noted that the terms global warming and climate change both emphasize the natural variability of climate, while downplaying the role of anthropogenic forcing. Ac cordingly, scientists should rather insist on scientific terms such(prenominal) as enhanced greenhouse effect, changes to atmospheric composition, climate disruption, and human climate forcing as these terms are more precise, slight controversial, and less politicized than either global warming or climate change. (Tobis 2004).Moreover, global warming is too nasty a term and is threatening to people, and when the Bush administration introduced the term, climate variability, people are really scared. The chore with the term, global warming, is that it merely connotes increase in temperatures which is not. There is the hydrology part of it which can cause much demise as in tsunami (Ibid).Scientific consensus. At an unprecedented rate heat-trapping pollution from fossil fuels and other sources is warming the planet according to more and more evidences supporting this conclusion. Moreover, climate models designed by NASA and others are excessively conclusive in their findings of hum an activities causing climate change (NRDC 2004).No evidences.. There is no evidence, however, that human beings are responsible for increasing global temperatures. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions have actually been beneficial to the environment. (Robinson and Robinson 1997). The cause of global warming in the first place, is primarily natural, not manmade (Gerhard 2005). The earth evolves and has changes in orbit and in solar radiation (Ibid).Volcanic GW. Global warming caused by volcanic activity may have caused the

Compare and contrast the positions of one or more neo-Marxist or Essay

Compare and contrast the positions of one or more neo- red or post-Marxist theorists of ideology with those of the true Marxist tradition - Essay ExampleIt is reasonable to assume that public sentiment and government frugal policies (usually informed by contemporary economists noted above) are pulling in opposite directions. And the tensions created by these argue tendencies are already giving rise to widespread social unrest, as shown by the emergence of the spheric solidarity movement and the World Social Forum. (Frankel,1997, p.58) In this context, it makes for an interesting exercise to understand contemporary interpretations, revisions and adaptations of Marxism, which have sustain to be termed variously as neo-Marxism and post-Marxism.Some of the leading figures in the neo-Marxist movement are Georg Lukacs, Antonio Gramsci, Max Weber, Karl Korsch and others. To a lesser extent French existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and Frankfurt School founders Max Horkheimer a nd Theodor W. Adorno contributed to the broader understanding of traditional Marxist theories. One of the driving forces for neo-Marxist and post-Marxist thought is the perceived inadequacies of conventional Marxist ideology in explaining and providing solutions to common politico-economic problems. For example, in the century and a half that has passed since Marxs original theoretical formulation, only a few violence-ridden revolutions have taken place a fact that belies Marxs prophecies on communist revolutions. The establishment of socialist regimes at the end of such revolutions too have not exited for long (barring the case of China). Even politically overhauling events such as the both world wars have not spurred the implementation of communist ideology in a meaningful manner. eon the erstwhile Soviet Union was nominally a communist state, in reality it was a inhuman dictatorship not hesitant to crack the whip on its own masses. In the case of China, which is considered the last bastion for Marxist

How the west was won Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How the west was won - canvass ExampleThrough foreign treaties, political sabotage, military conquest, and digging mines, and pulling in enormous migrations of foreigners, the get together States expanded greatly from coast to coast. With time, the American frontier drifted into history, and the myths of the west firmly held to the imagination of Americans and foreigners alike. From this understanding, this paper give give a detailed analysis of How the West Was Won.The outer line of settlement moved steady towards the west from the 1630s to the 1880s, with some movements from towards the north. The west was always the area beyond that boundary. Thus, the Midwest and parts of the American south have a frontier history with the modern western states. Politicians prioritized the west during the colonial period (Leslie 73). In terms of expansion and settlement, the English, Dutch, and Spanish happened quite differently. The Dutch traded in the Hudson River valley, taking up tracts o f land, but they did not push westward. In contrast, the Britons gave priority to individual land ownership among farmers (Otten 85).Some American politicians began to argue that the get together States should absorb the whole of North America. Bills were introduced into the senate, in an attempt to allow granting of free land to reward those spontaneous to travel and claim the Rocky Mountains. Other politicians were of the opinion that such legislation would trigger war with Britain, and the flyer did not sail through (Addison 4). There were several reasons, which made people risk travelling to atomic number 20 and Oregon. Emigrants emphasized on the importance of leaving the swamps of Mississippi, which were infested with fever. Antonie Robidoux claimed that he had never witnessed any case of fever. Stories regarding the high character reference crops and the possible yields after growing spread widely. Claims were thrive that the motives, which brought

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions - Essay ExampleQUESTION TWO In his poem, Puerto Rican obituary, Pedro Pietri urges the New York Puerto Rican community to switch to their stimulate imaginations instead of turning to the televisions that are alone filled with American influence. As reflected from the tone in the xx third stanzas, the author makes several suggestions to the New York Puerto Ricans. He argues that the Puerto Ricans should repairly rely on Latina souls as the sole religious background for their race, and not on the bibles. The New York Puerto Ricans ought to have learnt from the manner in which their fellow citizens were interred shamefully without underwears as he claims. Pedro concludes his poem by stating that, living the Puerto Rican mode of liveness where beautiful people work, sing and dance together is way much better. The weather conditions are affirmative and they do a need a dictionary to communicate to each other. QUESTION THREE around Puerto Ricans in the poem went to Americ a with dreams of living a luxurious life, and earning hefty pay, only to end up as well trained janitors who were laughed at. Those from the island spent their last days working as porters, maids, factory workers, stemma and shipping clerks, messenger boys, and mailroom assistants. They only ended up in their island cemetery after all the herculean work. The situation is no different from the case in Chango fire by Quinonez. ... The seller gave her instructions on how to perform a ritual as she was supplied with the required items. Despite her attack by close to boys in the park she was able to get home and perform her ritual. The ritual revealed that she should go back to Santeria with her mother. Lourdes also some magical encounters as she was an auxiliary policeman she would encounters her fathers spirit on a stock basis. genus genus Felicia suffers physical abuse from her husband Hugo Villaverde. Hugo constantly vanishes from her life he later on infects her with syphilis. F elicia attempts to kill him in his sleep by dropping a torched rag on his face Hugo decides to vanish completely. At an early age Felicia befriended the high priest lady friend Herminia Delgado. She helps guide Felicia into their religion. Felicia constantly descends into madness During her second pregnancy, after the death of Ernestro, of which she had to leave Santeria. She did not know her identity and she suffered depot lose for months. After the death of her third husband, Felicia returned to Santeria and embraces priesthood. QUESTION FIVE In relation to ultra affiliations Celia portrays an unwavering support for El Lider and the revolution. She uses her role as the Santeria judge in the peoples court, to suppress creative work. She only gathers support from her son Javier. Her perception distances her from Lourdes, Felicia and Pillar of whom she was close to. Lourdes is also distant from her own daughter Pillar due to her anxiety for the pro U.S. patriotism. However Lourdes defends her daughter when she painted a punk statue of autonomy for those that were not veiling. The impact of this political division was so significant that

PromptDescribe your intellectual interests, their evolution, and what Essay

PromptDescribe your intellectual interests, their evolution, and what makes them exciting to you. Tell us how you will implement the academic programs in the Col - Essay ExampleThe phones, watches and stereos were all under my mercy. I could not scram over my mesmerizing into the intricate connection of this device to that and the overall effect. Needless to say the string that followed such(prenominal) activity was endless circling around what is this, how and why. This was my favorite hobby.I suppose this kind of behavior is normal for kids and in particular those that are destined to make great discoveries in future. It all starts with a question like why is the sky blue Of course our reaction to the response varies thereby demarcating each childs individuality and uniqueness. In my subject area the answer to this question was a start to what have become a resilient pursuit of great knowledge and more answers to natural phenomenon.High school was an eye opener for me after th e exposure to the topics on atoms and molecules. It is fascinating to know that here are millions of invisible elements in the atmosphere that cause such substantive effects in the daily life. (Schmelcher & Schweizer, 15) Physics and astronomy intrigued me and I kept myself enlightened with books such as black holes and time wraps by Kip S. Thome. My relentless questions soon became equally sophisticated to why down in the mouth matter exists. There was no turn around for me at this point.

Teaching of Maths in Primary Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teaching of Maths in Primary Schools - Essay Example mike Askew et al in their study on effectiveness in the teaching of numeracy isolated deuce-ace belief systems that were characteristic of the approaches teachers took in teaching numeracy. They were the connectionist, transmission and discovery models. An in-depth look at their respective characteristics, sexual relation merits and overall efficacy is given below.The Connectionist Model In the words of Askew et al (1997, p.341) it includes beliefs based nigh both valuing pupils regularitys and teaching effective strategies with an emphasis on establishing connections within mathematics. The stress here is on dexterity as well as effectiveness. The keyword is connection as connectionist oriented teachers seek to teach students to establish links between the numbers, methods and concepts in mathematics in order to facilitate a deeper understanding of the subject. Students be evaluate to be aware of the available methods and t o demonstrate skill in selecting the appropriate method. The connectionist orientation places a unattackable emphasis on developing reasoning, justification and, eventually, proof within the teaching of number.(Askew et al, 1997, p.343) These teachers believe that students come equipped with mental strategies and it is possible for anyone to achieve proficiency in mathematics with the help of effective teaching. Misunderstandings are seen as a way to clarify matters and enhance understanding. An important tool for the connectionist oriented teacher is the use of colloquy as the basis of imparting knowledge.The Transmission Model According to Askew et al (1997, p.341) it is the beliefs based or so the primacy of teaching and a view of mathematics as a collection of separate routines and procedures. Teachers of this orientation eagerness much store by routine and paper and pencil methods. They teach mathematical concepts in isolation. A students prior knowledge of the subject is largely seen as irrelevant. The emphasis here is on teaching rather than on training. If the student fails to learn despite a clear verbal explanation, it is seen as a allow for of the childs inability to learn. The teacher uses the question and answer format to discern students progress.The Discovery Model Askew et al (1997, p.341 state that it includes beliefs based around the primacy of learning and a view of mathematics as being detect by pupils. Here the stress is on the process of discovery as the student explores and understands the world of mathematics. The method used is considered irrelevant, provided the correct answer is arrived at. It aims to focus on and improve practical skills. As per this orientation learning is of importance and students are encouraged to learn at their pace and use the strategies they see as appropriate. Numeracy is seen as a natural process and it cannot be hastened.Having noted the salient features of these belief systems, it must be remembe red that they are ideal types and it is unlikely that any teacher will be a purist with regard to these orientations. With regard to efficiency in teaching mathematics there is little room for doubt. Askew et al (1997, p.345) have concluded from their studies that those teachers with a strong

An analysis on understanding of successful knowledge management Research Proposal

An analysis on accord of successful knowledge management techniques implemented within microfinancial institutes in India - Research Proposal ExampleIn an organisational context, knowledge management refers to the activities concerned with capturing, processing and diffusion of knowledge for the purpose of decision making and out front planning by management. The present study examines how effective is the knowledge management in an organisation to promote innovation and enhance labour productivity within the organization.Organisations have no chance of success and evolution without knowledge management in the modern information-driven economy. Today organisations are trying to become more than and more innovative and competitive than their rivals in regard to their knowledge gathering and dissemination. Irrespective of the type, size and nature, organisations have acknowledge the fact that knowledge management enhances the possibilities of employee learning and productivity. I t has been observed by experts that learning environment is vital in modern organisations to survive and success and knowledge management gives a platform for learning opportunities and innovative thinking. It has been proved by experts (Gibbons, 1994 Nonaka et al., 1995 and 2000 and Ho substantiallys, 1996) that the truly basis of innovation is knowledge sharing activities. An interactive and cooperative organisational environment is very conducive for knowledge transfer and sharing that foster employee learning and productivity (Gold et al., 2001). With this background, the present study attempts to pass judgment how effective is the knowledge management system in micro-financial institutions to help in employee learning and increased productivity. disdain there are endless efforts to implement knowledge management across organisations of small as well as large among both public and private organisations, little effort has been made so cold to introduce the same in the micro f inancial institutions in India.

Poetry assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poetry assigment - Essay ExampleA variant between his father and his older brother led to the sale of the family business and the suicide of his brother. Not capacious after, his father succumbed to cancer, leaving the young fifteen year old in charge of his family. The fact that these events caused Roethke to prospect at his father with ambivalence seems to be reflected in the poem, as its tone is a strange change of the affectionate love of a little boy and a slightly more suspicious and bounteous distrust and betrayal.The really first impression of the poem is one of a joyous frolic close to the house and the happiness of the young boy at this special moment with his father comes out very clearly, especially in the beginning of the second stanza We romped until the pans slid from the kitchen shelf and at the last stanza where he describes his father holding time on his head as he danced him off to tuck him into bed. That the memories ar very personalised stands out in th e details of the poem he describes the whiskey on his fathers breath, the fact that his fathers hands had mark still on them. Since his father worked in a greenhouse, these details are no doubt bony from his memories and show his father as the slightly rough, honest hard worker he was. It is clear that this memory is a dexterous one for him and is also reminiscent of my own dances with my father.However, the later experiences also colour this memory. It is non the unadulterated memory of a child. Certain words and phrases jar a bit with the pleasant temper of this picture. When he describes hanging to his father like death it is a little out of place. However devoted that his brother committed suicide after a fight with their father it seems plausible that Roethke might pass held his father responsible for the death and as he matured into adulthood inappropriately early followers his fathers death he might also have felt resentment towards his father for leaving him with s uch a burden. These undercurrents of adult feeling do mar the perfect picture of an otherwise normal and happy episode. However, the fact that he describes this episode with such feeling and vividness also emphasizes the fact that he did so love his father when he was a child, and it also has a touch of longing and loss in its tone. It seems to imply that he misses those small moments of intimacy with his father, and knows they will never come again. It is for this reason that I yoke with the poem so much, as I myself lost my father three years ago when I moved to new York, leaving him in Taiwan. I shared many moments like this with my father and these memories are tinged with the knowledge that I can never have them again. thither is also a resentment that they consummate too early in life. He was thrust into an adult world too early and then this memory is even more special as it will never come again, and perhaps did not happen enough when he was a child. This emotion and mem ory perhaps has more meaning for me as I too used to have these moments with my father, before he passed away. The happiness of the memory is tinged with regret for its loss.There is an undertone of near-violence also in this poem, in the description of the fathers knuckles, and death. Though there appears to be a initiate of thought that thinks this represents an abusive father ( RefByrne) and cite the fact

Marginal Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marginal Revolution - Research Paper ExampleIn his treatment of the concept of human wants, we see a different con nonation from that realized from Walras who showed no extra interest in that aspect and Jevons who viewed a want as a balance between the somatic and mechanical forces of humanity. Walras and Jevons addressed the aspect of exchange of goods and services as the exchange between equivalents. Menger, on the new(prenominal)wise hand, felt that it was improper to regard quantities as equivalents in the subjective sense. On this account it is realized that Mengers theory, unlike Walras and Jevons, could not effectively explain the concept of pricing. Menger did not, however, ignore the concept of price arbitrarily (Black 67). It was bring out of the feeling that price as an exchange measure was simply a superficial demonstration of very more complex forces at play. Menger appears different from his two contemporaries given that he treats his theory in a way that is much connected to the real word. Therefore, unlike Jevons and Walras, he does not want to present his cases in grounded mathematical connotations which are quite common in mainstream economics. It is at this point that the Austrian School of belief began to emerge with Menger being the founder (Bellet 78). Menger wanted to relate his theory to the real world as much as possible. To him, this could only be facilitated by avoiding the representations of equilibrium as was common in the works of the other two economists. However, Menger was well aware of the possibility of attaining equilibrium levels in the real world. His concern was nevertheless on the impediments that would alter such an eventuality. Hence, he opted to take a new orientation with regard to equilibrium and disequilibrium. The superlative difference of Menger from Jevons and Walras lies in his (Menger) omission of integral and classical calculus from his works. Though he knew mathematics, he tout ensemble took a diffe rent turn with regard to the habit of mathematics in economics. To him, mathematics should only be a subsidiary way of advancing economic knowledge but not as the key device of communicating economics. His different orientation in that respect was the main genesis behind the Austrian School of thought where economics is normally treated in theoretical means. The Austrian school was, therefore, real directly from the different vies that Menger held in the practice of economics. Menger felt that economic inquiry should be conducted by dint of the ask of economic phenomena and realities in order to unearth the facts and not through the use of abstract mathematics which to him could not really bring the ideas into cerebrate. In his works, Walras feels that through the construction of simultaneous equations to represent the marginal utility principle, the last-ditch behavior of man could easily be traced. Much of that notion was shared by Jevons who also advocated the use of calcu lus and mathematical formulae in the understanding of economic behavior. To Menger, the object of economic inquiry was to bring into focus the behavior of man in all respects of life, a goal that could not be achieved through mathematics. The socialist arguments that were further grounded in the Austrian School of thought were mainly originally connected by Menger through his approach of economics. Ludwig Von Mises was most influenced by the works of Menger with respect to

1-calculate the Z-Score & Comment on the results,2- Find a debt rating Assignment

1-calculate the Z-Score & gloss on the results,2- Find a debt rating & Comment on the rating - Assignment ExampleIt send word also be used to evaluate the managers of a company, if the Z-score is favourable then the managers are doing a in effect(p) job and the converse is also true. Additionally, the model can be used to check the viability of the firm onwards seeking employment and also to predict business failure of the companyDebt rating refers to the continued supervise of the firms financial status after they have been issued with a debt (Javier, 2014). The ratings are expressed as letters ranging from AAA which represents the highest investment grade to C which represents the lowest investment grade. This rating has an impact on the returns that essential be offered in order to sell the debt instrument. For a firm to be considered suitable for investment, it must achieve a greater reference book rating which is a crucial threshold because many capital are prevented by their ratings from any investments in bonds.Using the Standard and Poors debt rating agency, the higher up ratios indicate that the firm has a credit rating grade of B and below which is the low credit rating also referred to as the non-investment grade and is an indicator that the company is facing significant financial risks. Therefore, the creator corporation should take necessary steps to prevent the company from being declared

Drug cartels and drug trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Drug cartels and dose trafficking - Essay ExamplePrices of diacetylmorphine and cocain have decreased substantially in the past two decades, indicating greater availability (Lyman, 2010). The ability of international narcotics control policies remains a major issue.Millions of Americans purchase illegal drugs, spending roughly $60 billion yearly in multiple illegal markets (Barton, 2007, 18). These drugs are damaging to the users boilersuit wellbeing, productivity, decision-making capacity, and health. Furthermore, the U.S. illegal drug market makes massive profits. These profits generate re seeded players needed by global drug trafficking organizations to successfully dodge and fight with law enforcers, to break through legal economic sectors, and, in reliable cases, to defy the power of the state (Erlen & Spillane, 2004). Computed in terms of dollar value, four-fifths of the total illegal drugs purchased in the U.S. amaze from foreign countries, as well as legal age of the ma rijuana, heroin, and cocaine, as reported by the U.S. Drug Enforcement authorities (DEA) in 2002 (Barton, 2007, 19). According to Hinojosa (2007), the methamphetamine market, as stated by the DEA, is supplied mostly from Mexican and U.S. laboratories while majority of designer drugs, unlawfully traded psychotherapeutic drugs, and hallucinogens comes from the U.S.The drug industry is highly profitable and a major source of international criminal operations. As stated in a 2002 report by the State surgical incisions Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), more or less 930 tons of cocaine may have been manufactured in South America in 2001 (Barton, 2007, 19). A 2002 investigation by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime calculated the total profit of the illegal drug market in the Caribbean at $3.3 billion (Barton, 2007, 19). Not much is known about the circulation of profits from illegal drug trade, that foreign drug cartels hold substantial power over genera l

Music's importance in Japanese History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Musics importance in Japanese History - Essay moralMusic has a great significance in the Japanese history because has helped hang in the historic moments or so the state of Japan. The message in these songs is all about Japan and is considered to be informative and preservative as while. This is through various songs that are considered more important for their contents. These songs talk about how Japan came up, and they create anxiety of many when sang. The prehistoric songs impacted positively in the history of Japan because they are the first chronicles of the saucily state. These songs also became the tradition of imperial counts.Many musical and poetic verses and images gestate temptd the development of modern music and have been incorporated in the present music styles this gives a reflection of the history of Japan. The musical and poetic verses and images keep the then(prenominal) about the state in details and recurrences in their use helps in transferring of the his toric moments of the realm from one generation to another. This helps in historical socialization of individuals who are born in Japan.Music helps express the past activities of the state of Japan. It was central in the prose work in the ancient Japan. This was through the dances that rose by the influence of music tones and rhythm. The dances of Gagaku, flute, koto and biwa lute run through the background of the classical novel which gave the story of Genji Monogatari which was based on a great lover in the imperial. This shows that music led to those dances that passed information in a variant context.

Zakaria Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zakaria Reading - Essay object lessonFrom the discussion it is clear thatthe government purports that the economy is improving, it is evident that the US economy is rapidly losing the preeminent maculation it held for the last decades. By taking into consideration nearly all measures of stinting and financial wellbeing, it is evident that the US economy is rapidly declining comparable to other economies such as China. Although the international community still regards the US as a country holding a preeminent position in terms of economic and policy-making factors, an in-depth examination of the countrys economic situation provides a contrary view.This paper discusses thatthe US economy is muddled by great debt, which is adversely impacting its economic situation. Comparable to China, the US has big quantities of unexclusive debt. As a percentage of its GDP, the US has public debt of 73.0% and gross government debt as a percentile of its GDP stands at 102.94%. Both of these figur es are extremely high for a country deemed to be the more or less economically successful country in the world. The figures essentially speak to the countrys detrimental political processes and administrative decision making, which plunge the country into greater and greater debt over time.As part of the US governments ploy to revamp the countrys financial and economic position, the government instituted massive bailout strategies.

Criminal Investigation Project Essay Example for Free

Criminal investigation Project EssayIn this generation, altogether homo organism have to chasteness to earn for living. However it is non possible for us to be able to do any kind of work. That is why work been divided into physical work and intellectual limitation. An individuals temper can be exposed through the job that he or she is engaged with. This enables the particular person to improve his/her level of maturation, skills and talents.The most reason that lead psychologist, sociologist, anthropologists, economists is because of the participation want a result of earning obtain with giving special attention to hu earthly concern factor, if people ar at low level in endpoints of work value for example lack of skills, knowledge, personality, professional, encounter, motivation, everything is useless. prime(prenominal) terms of general psychological science, and where warranted by special mention is occupational psychology. They prefer to use term occupational psyc hology because it seems more comprehensive and it include occupational psychology and organizational and caution psychology.General psychology about the gracious personalityGenerally when dealing with human personalities issue, the presentation allow for full with sides, component, and aspect. on that point is no doubt with usefulness of every piece presentation of this psychological reality. serious things they should not lose sight of the whole structure. In reality personality component interact with all(prenominal) other, related with each other, giving birth to structure that already specific by architecture. To actual foundation of individual with the matters not the presence or absence of one of these sides, not the degree of exploitation exactly its own way as it is structure. That is why psychology should focus on personality, structure that lead to a psycho-behavioural level, and lead to many deeds. record which mediates perception and acceptance of external inf luence, it integrates them into levers. Its leaves mark on psychology phenomena on any reaction, even on human face.Only man has personality and as it arises and develops it produces the following effect* Stabilize conduct* Unitary direction* Provides consensus though and fact, project and realizations* Adapts them to the present, but as well as on future tense* Exploits all opportunities and human capabilities* Makes deep involvement in dealing with people, tending to its creative transformationPersonality is not present at birth. It is formed from the age of three and it is also based on surround around them, it is also not simply a psychological aspect of human life, but sum of diverse and numerous components. at that placefore, one personality with full knowledge is not easy and also not good for mentality. Although comprising large digit of components, personality is not simply their sum, but whole is based on human behaviour, should direct and lead them in relation to the environment. Features of personality as a whole is familiar to all, the organization of elements, is the level of development from person to person, personality is unique and original in each of human being that is why everyone have different personality. Personality is brawnyly determined and conditioned by mans social existence. Socio cultural framework does not appear with all personality and self-organization. Personality is being influence by micro-environment, so if the micro-environment is good then the personality depart be good and if not will be otherwise.All kind of personality traits argon related with each other, it is very strong and its form, the fact, the structure. It develops over time and differs from one person to another person based on* Level of development its component* Level of integration of element in whole personality* Stability of the structure of personalityPersonality operates like system 24 hours every day even in sleeping, its alive and dynamic. There be close relation and been organized in hierarchy, relation between them is substantial-energetic, functional, direct and reverse tuition. action at virtue is important of existence of man and his psychic, the one that lead to sedimentation and mental crystallization, emerge of relatively changes of structure. In analogy to the resolute-productive mechanisms of the transformative-constructive finalities and activities, in the structure of personality the resolute-productive subsystem is developing.Subsystem might be placed on edge of instrumental subsystem. Analogy constructed personality structure with human activity seems to be the most suitable for organizational and management psychology.Approach perspectives to personalityIn practical analysis and interpretation of reality, it may be a physical, human or social, the great importance is the theoretical concept of where it starts, and human personality study is more interwoven and dynamic.Treaties of the psychology of personality settle to stock, to present a descriptive manner, theoretical models, mosttimes associated methods and, rarely, to propose instructive models, integrationist, combination of models, theories, schools or methods (by Anita, 2000, pg18).* Golu .M (1993) identifies four main predilections in the study of personality* Biologist orientation* Experimentalist orientation* Psychometric orientation* Sociocultural and anthropological orientation* Zlate M. (1997) conducted a survey of the main insights of the personality approach path and systematized them into four board categories* Atomistic perspective* Structural perspective* Systematic perspective* Psychosocial perspectivebeginning PAGEConducting Successful InterrogationsBy David Vessel, J. D.,FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Oct. 1998. Obtaining information that an individual does not want to provide constitutes the doctor purpose of an question. A winning interrogation results in a guilty or involved immoral suspects do a confession or admitting participation in an illegal activity. However, interrogators frequently do not acquire information small to successful case resolution. Often, guilty suspects leave the interrogation environment without making the smallest admission. Many experienced officers leave an wonder or interrogation knowingly outwitted by the suspects. When these situations occur, criminals go unpunished and remain free to strike again, causing the entire community to suffer. Interrogations can fail for any number of reasons. Some reasons are foreseeable some are not.However, interrogators can increase their success rates by eliminating or minimizing distinctive causes of failure. Once investigators have identified these factors, they can consider and act upon them to increase the probability of successful interrogations. These major components include preparing for the interrogation, distinguishing between interrogations and interviews, developing persuasive themes and argumen ts, establishing a set plan, building a good relationship with the interrogation opened, allowing enough time for the interrogation, acquiring adequate interrogation training, and understanding that some interrogations will fail regardless of any amount of effort employed. While not all-inclusive, these factors prove brisk to successful interrogations.LAST PAGECONCLUSIONInterrogations fail for any number of reasons. Addressing and eliminating the interrelated, identifiable causes can keep open most failures. Preparing adequately, understanding the interrogation process, and appreciating the subjects needs and values remain paramount in achieving successful interrogations. Additionally, adapted training and ample experience in conducting interrogations provide specific assistance to investigators involved in the process. Establishing a well-developed plan and allowing sufficient time for the interrogation to evolve also prove important factors in ensuring successful interrogation s.All of these elements need constant attention for investigators to acquire the information critical to successfully resolve their cases. decently addressing these factors greatly contributes to increasing the number of confessions obtained from guilty or involved suspects and to reducing the number of times officers are duped by these individuals. While interrogation failures impact all aspects of the criminal justice system, the investigators conducting these inquiries remain the most critical factor in reducing these failures. With adequate training, increased awareness, and established plans officers can become successful interrogators and in effect reduce the number of unsolved crimes that plague not only the law enforcement community but also the general, law-abiding population.SUMMARYCONDUCTING SUCCESSFUL INTERROGATIONSInterviewing is one form of communication that is used extensively by the law enforcement. Whether used to screen applicants, to elicit information from a wi tness to a crime, or to obtain a confession, a good interview can have a significant impact on an organization. However, if conducted improperly, the interview may be rendered worthless or can result in serious negative consequences for all involved. There can be many reasons why interrogations fail, some foreseeable, some not. But by eliminating and minimizing identifiable causes of failure such as preparing for the interrogation, establishing a set plan, building a good relationship with the interrogation subject etc., investigators can have a more higher rate of success.The important factors when conducting an interrogation-Preparing the InvestigationThe most important factor is developing a preparation plan. Factors to consider when preparing this plan are the condition and environment, knowledge of case facts, familiarity with subjects backgrounds, and methods of documenting confessions.Setting and Environmental ConsiderationIt is important that the investigator be in control of not only the flow of the interrogation but also the environmental setting such as a small, controlled, sound-insulated room that is free from diversions. This ensures that the suspects are only allowed to concentrate on answering the relative questions. carapace Facts KnowledgeThe investigator should have full knowledge of all the facts of the case as well as know which factors are the more important ones. When an investigator is able to state out these facts confidently and with proof, the subjects are more likely to provide the necessary vital information.Familiarity with Subjects BackgroundsHaving good knowledge of a subjects background, such as their feelings, attitude and personal values as subjects usually make confessions based on how they feel then defend themselves with logic.Documenting ConfessionsOfficers/investigators should settle all details regarding the documentation of the interrogation that is the video or audio recordings as well as written documentation, befor e beginning the interrogation so as to not make the subject feel unimportant and lead to an unsuccessful interrogation. Distinguishing Between Interrogation and InterviewsThere should be a clear distinction between an interview and an interrogation. An interview should always be conducted beginning(a) before deciding on an interrogation. Interviews are done to get all the most basic information of the suspects involvement of a case. Once it is confirmed that the suspect is involved only then should they proceed to an interrogation. develop Persuasive Themes and ArgumentsIt is important to have the proper arguments and themes in persuading the subject to tell the truth. Three points stated that will help to make the interview successful in this area are first, investigators should gain more experience as every interview conducted provides different ideas. Second is planning their themes and arguments so as to tackle the subject into answering inquiries, but in a legal way. Third wou ld be conducting good first interviews and identifying the subjects primeval responses, allowing there to be plenty of topics to be converted into themes.

Health Care Innovation Essay Example for Free

Health C ar Innovation Essay bronchial asthma is near common in kidskinren it begins at infancy and continues to adulthood. Approximate 40,000 Americans miss school or work. This is costing the unify States economies about $56 billion a grade. Research companies are coming up with 74 untested medicines to treat or present asthma attack attack. By producing bracing medicines it will help reduce the cost of asthma. Asthmas are often described with symptoms of a cough which can be worse at night. Wheezing is a noise heard in the bloodlineways this is or so common in children who recognize in urban areas. They whitethorn be exposed to the most dangerously cock roach antigens, dust mites or pet danger. The richly risk for the children had more hospitalizations unscheduled medical visits. Patients can face multiple barriers to care such as lack of routine pediatrician visits and rent no access to asthma specialty care.The benefits patients especially preschool children th ere are a Head Start program in Baltimore Maryland, where all the children in the program can receive serve through a pediatric asthma clinic while overly controling and educating themselves from asthma educators. The mobile clinic offers asthma examination and prescriptions along with parent education about the disease. The asthma educator does a home visit where he or she explains how the program works and how the parents can learn to communicate with the pediatrician another option would be to offer the family to accomp any them to their physicians office. apiece year Breath mobile sends images home with for parents interested in a visit. The parents fill out the form and let the child bring it back to school the next day. Next the assessment where each child gets a form and the screening comes back with presence symptomatic asthma. The staff reaches out to them to schedule a visit during school hours where both child and parent need to attend.A team of pediatric allergist or pulmonologist comes in with a NP, RN, where the examination takes place with each child. Their main focus is on medical recital and testing the childs lung function. Medications should be taken to prevent any flare up. Families receive asthma education and also to follow up with your primary care physician.Some of the new medicines they are severe out is a momocinioal antibody that inhibits eosinophils( a type of white blood cell) form accumulating in the lungs. Next, a new inhalation therapy that harnesses the bodys natural defense in the airway against asthma. Lastly, a medicine that blocks the proinflammatory effect of prostaglandin in allergic asthma. (innovations.org 2012)another(prenominal) development is with 4 new medicines the first one is cut eosiophil accumulation which means the white blood cells is important for killing parasites in the body, although it can occur in your lung tissues which will damage the lining of your air passage. Second, controlling pathogens is an inhalation therapy. Third alleviating allergy systems there is a protein called interieukin that plays a role in the symptoms of allergic asthma. The increased mucus may contribute to the airway obstruction. Another one is blocking inflammatory response where the prostaglandin and protein receptor crth2 of allergens will cause imflammorty cells to flare up.I speak up this asthma innovation will decrease health care spending. By offering more operate such as these above more children will be able to breathe better. Their not more appointments scheduled or kept. Some of the children had no change in symptoms. When bringing a mobile clinic it did not change the access of care. Families should be more educated about asthma, and be able to have a community advocate. Let parents choose convenient times include other options for expanding interventions.Every child that suffers with asthma will benefit from this and the parents will be relieved such services existed. This will help them live a happy life and to control there breathing would be helpful also and be able to avoid asthma attacks. In addition the number of hospitals visits for pediatric asthma medical helper has increased. This is measured by how many ambulatory visits, emergency department use. Since 2000 ambulatory visits are increasing due to disease severity and health care utilization. The youngest boys (0-4 years of age) utilise ambulatory care and hospital services more frequently than did girls of the same age, but different according to sex decreased to insigifant levels in the 11-17 year old age group. (hing, 2004)Path physiology of AsthmaAirway inflammation continues to expand and may be an union of many cells types. Asthma can be difficult to diagnosis in infants and toddlers. Wheezing has been suggested as the most important symptom in identifying asthma in disease population studies. (Gergen 1998) With the variety of etiologies, asthma is characterized by heterogeneity. The impro ved phenotype was to classify the missing compounds of heritability. The term phenotype, as introduced by Johannes and Shull was intended to characterize different types of organisms distinct by their observable characteristics (eg, shape, structure, size and color.)New InnovationsAlong with new research and development of diagnostician breathe indemnification. A deceiver called Pulmotrack and wheezeometer will help with young children who are unable to cooperate. This device was successful used in brochoprovocation testing in infants. The current asthma inhaler children are using cost in force(p) and it is the safest scientific approach for asthma therapy. While you are at your physicians office the cost is determined by which drug of choice, availability and reimbursement options. The device the set chooses should be tailored to their age. With health care spending on this innovation will stay the same?Unless they are able to determine a better preaching for kids. I think pare nts and doctors should be educated about the risks and medication using. If they do need to change medications for any reason then go back to your physician and have them look it over. Every patient should have a written asthma plan which should include the following regarding triggers, medications, and emergency contracts. This information should be reviewed at every visit. Intervention is the best out come for asthma patients, whether a school based clinic, doctors office, or a parent helps them out. Factors are still missing with regards to epidemiology, pathophysioogy environmental control these have yet to be resolved.Asthma is diagnosed in children from infancy to adulthood it can come from dust mites, air in the environment tobacco smoke. Researchers are studying new ways to treat asthma for patients. In developing new medicines to kill parasites by controlling pathogens while targeting interleukin and environmental allergens. With all this new engineering science and medici ne coming into the future children will be able to have better control over there asthma systems and will not have to worry about it all their life.ReferencesEakin MN, Rand CS, Biderback A, et.al. Asthma in Head Start Children. Effects of the Breathmobile Program and family communications on Asthma outcomes. Journal of Allergy and clinical Immunology. Published online November 21, 2011. Retrieved from http//www.jacionline.org/article/s0091-6749(1)01622-8/abstractGergen PJ, Mullay DI, Evans R III. National Survey of prevalence of asthma among children in the coupled States, 1976-1980. Pediatrics 1988 81(1)1-7.Hing E, Cherry DK, Woodwell DA, National Ambulatory Medical care survey 2004. Advance data from rattling and health statistics no 374. National center for health statistics 2006.Innovation in Action The Improving Asthma care for children programs. Retrieved from http//www.pediatricasthma.org/Medicaid_managed_careInnovation.org Asthma March 5, 2012. Retrieved fromhttp//www.inov ovatioin.org/index.cfm/futureofinnovation/newmedicineindevelopment/asthma.

Merits and Demerits of Globalisation Essay Example for Free

Merits and Demerits of Globalisation EssayIntroduction Globalization or (globalisation) is the process by which the batch of the world are unified into a single fellowship and function together. Globalization is often employ to refer to economic globalization the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign take up investment, capital flows, migration, and the break of technology. This process is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic, technological, socio- cultural, political and biological factors. The term deal also refer to the transnational dissemination of ideas, languages, or popular culture. Globalization means increasing the interdependence, connectivity and integration on a global level with admiration to the social, cultural, political, technological, economic and ecological levels. Effects of globalization- ? enhancement in the information flow surrounded by geographically remote locations ? t he global common market has a freedom of exchange of goods and capital ? there is a broad access to a range of goods for consumers and companies ? worldwide production markets emerge ?Corporations have greater tractability to operate across borders ? increase flow of communications allows vital information to be shared between individuals and corporations around the world ? Spread of democratic ideals to developed nations ? Greater interdependence of nation-states ? Reduction of likelihood of war between developed nations ? Workers in less developed countries should see an increase in wages and reinforcement benefits. If they do, their rising standard of living should help them consume products from developed nations.A virtuous circle can theoretically be created by a whole unfermented middle class that didnt exist. ? two-eyed violet should be easier to maintain between nations as no country would remain isolated in this new world order. The relationship of China and the United States has changed dramatically as their trade partner status has change magnitude over the years. ? Globalization can help modernize developing countries faster. Modern ideas can be spread to the workers, who make up the social order. ? Products can be purchased much cheaper in developing countries, which increases the lifestyle of the people.As we pay less for simple common items, we have more to spend on big tag end items, which fuel higher paid manufacturing jobs in developed countries. Advantages of globalization in the developing world It is claimed that globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. The civil liberties are enhanced and there is a more efficient use of resources. All the countries involved in the free trade are at a profit. As a result, there are lower prices, more employment and a discontinue standard of life in these developing nations.It is feared that some developing regions progress at the expense of new(pren ominal) developed regions. However, such doubts are futile as globalization is a positive-sum chance in which the skills and technologies modify to increase the living standards throughout the world. Liberals look at globalization as an efficient tool to eradicate penury and allow the poor people a firm foothold in the global economy. In two decades from 1981 to 2001, the number of people surviving on $1 or less per day diminish from 1. 5 billion to 1. 1 billion. Simultaneously, the world population also increased.Thus, the percentage of such people rock-bottom from 40% to 20% in such developing countries. Disadvantages of globalisation Disadvantages of globalisation are as follows- ? Increased flow of skilled and non-skilled jobs from developed to developing nations as corporations seek out the cheapest labor ? Increased likelihood of economic disruptions in one nation effecting all nations ? Corporate influence of nation-states far exceeds that of civil society organizations a nd average individuals ? Threat that control of world media by a handful of corporations will limit cultural expression ?

Economics Essay Example for Free

Economics EssayThe study of construction, allocation, and disbursal of goods and services has been incorporated in the social science that has been referred as Economics. In the year 1932, one of the economists Lionel Robbins presented a definition of stinting science that has been appreciated by a crook of scotch organizations around the globe. Under this definition, the ends and express means construct a connection with each other, which has been spy as a tender-hearted behavior. such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) behavior is studied by a branch of science that has been referred as frugals. A notion has been real by almost all the economists around the world that the wants and needs of humans cannot be satisfied by the available resources that ar scarce as comp ard with the needs of the human race. However, available resources can be employ alternatively, which can provide in the reduction and elimination of economic problems. In this regard, when the oppos ite choices available to human race for the fulfillment of the wants and demands be studied, the process has been recognized as economics. In addition, various types turn in been created during the classification of economics, which be as followsMicroeconomics and Macroeconomics Constructive economics and Normative economics Conventional economics and Unorthodox economics Our society entails diametric processes, actors, and relationships that work together for the proper work of the economic arranging, in order to create equilibrium in the demand and supply of the products and services around the globe. Nowadays, religion, politics, law, education, sociology, and so on have incorporated the economic analysis in its fields too, which has changed the perspective of position of economics in present world.Economy As earlier mentioned in the paper, the diverse processes of production, substitution, distribution, and engagement of goods and services results in the conception o f a comprehended agreement of human activities, that has been referred as economy of a particular country or region. In addition, a number of factors are responsible for the composition of economy in a particular country. In this regard, rough of the related factors are the scientific advancement that has changed the perspective of an economy.Nowadays, social organizations with respect to geography and ecology have unified the utilization of economic policies and theories in its activities. In wrong of products and services, the progress of a particular country is represent by its economy, which is indicated by its gross domestic product, rate of unemployment, inflation, and several other factors that are associated with the economy. (Parkin, 2004) Greek were the freshman ones to integrate the word economy in their daily household activities. In economic perspective, the management of economic affairs was referred as economy in the year 1440.Until the nineteenth or twentieth c entury, concept of a separate economic remains of a particular country was not developed, as it is used soon in most parts of the world. Macroeconomics When the study of performance, structure, and behavior of economy and economical factors is considered on a home(a) or regional level, such study has been referred as macroeconomics. The study of macroeconomics has been considered one of the major studies in terms of understanding the economy of a country a capacious with microeconomics that considers the study of similar factors, but on an private scale.As earlier mentioned, antithetic economy-related functions, such as unemployment rates, GDP, price inflation, etc. are studied aggregately by the macroeconomists. (Wilson, 2003) Moreover, the abovementioned factors create relationships that are explained by the development of contrastive models by the macroeconomists. Some of the detailed factors that are study by the macroeconomists other than usual factors like GDP, unemplo yment rate, etc. are the international finance, international trade, consumption, national output, etc. On the contrary, the actions and activities of individual persons are primarily focused by the microeconomics.Some of the examples of considered individuals are firms, consumers, etc. (Bofinger, 2001) darn there is a broad range of studies in the branch of macroeconomics, the discipline has been represented by two major areas of research. These two areas are quite contrary to each other, as one considers the short-run fluctuations in the national income, and endeavors to understand and analyze the different causes and consequences of the same. On the other hand, the second area has considered the study of economic growth based on long-run fluctuations.In this regard, macroeconomics plays a vital and crucial role in facilitating governments, as well as, large companies to understand the economic flexibility for the investors, as well as, for the different forecasts that result in the fluctuations of the exchange market. Policies In order to stabilize the economy of a county, different economic policies are considered by the government that are implemented and adjusted according to the requirements of a country. By the successful carrying into action of such policies, different economic shocks like the great depression, inflation, deficit budget, etc. are avoided and reduced by the government.It has been believed by most of the governments that economic stability and growth is proceed and maintained by the successful adjustments of these policies. In this regard, two types of strategic policies have been find for the economic management of a country. The two types of such policies are fiscal polity and the financial policy. In this paper, we will try to define, discuss, and analyze the role of fiscal policy in the economic growth and stability of a country. Moreover, we will try to determine the effects of monetary policy on the different macroeconomic factors that have already been mentioned in the paper.Monetary Policy Since the commencement ceremony of economic outline of rules in the get together States, the monetary policy has play a vital role and crucial role in the sustain growth of economic factors in the country. In the past, capital and baccy were considered as some of the valuable assets for the barter trade. Subsequently, technological evolution resulted in the value of debit and recognise cards that are now being used in different parts of the globe. It has been observed that different sectors associated with human lives have developed with the help of efficacious policies in the linked States.In the past, paper currencies were introduced in the country by the Continental relation back, which was quite an innovative step in the advancement of the monetary system of the country. Moreover, coinage was also introduced in the country by the policymakers that modified the perspective of economic system of the unite States. (Clapham, 2007) As earlier mentioned in the paper that significant improvement and advancement has been shown by the monetary system of the United States, which has been possible due(p) to the endeavors of different policymakers responsible for the creation of impressive monetary policy in the country.However, the historical facts have shown that the creation of monetary policies has confronted a number of controversies during the early years that used to submit the monetary system as a de centralize system. On the other hand, the monetary system of the United States has now present itself as a more centralized system with some of the real effective monetary policies of all the time. Moreover, some of the other factors are responsible for the slow development of economic system is the specifications of avowing power that created many doubts due to monetary policies that used to present a decentralized perspective of the system.Specifically, federal government ha s played a critical role in the reduction and elimination of abovementioned doubts and confrontations that has lead to the sustained growth of the monetary system of the United States. (Rabin, 2002) Alternatively, the beginning years of the economic system of the United States have been contributed prominently by the critical and vital role of gold. However, the policymakers of monetary policy are giving little significance to the gold assets that used to be one of the major components of the monetary policy in the country.Specifically, the non-existence of gold in the exchange market has resulted in the reduction of its importance. In the previous decades, gold was used as a medium of exchange that has been taken by the credit cards and paper currency. In this regard, the functioning of gold in the creation of monetary policies has altered at a greater extent due to the modern and complex economy in the country. In the earlier economic years of the United States, economists were very confused and perplexed in the decision-making related to the creation of different economic policies in the country.At this moment, the framers of the U. S. organization played a significant role in the reduction of this confusion. However, some of the framers resulted in arguments that provided little difficulties to these framers. It was observed that the federal government was preferred as the deserving candidate for the monitoring of fiscal and monetary policies, as well as, their implementation in the economic system of the country. Therefore, creation of a centralized system with the abovementioned function to the federal government was preferred by most of the economists.In this regard, the policymakers considered the creation of a national currency, as well as, a chartered bank that may be the authoritative body for the distribution of such currency in different states of the country. On the other hand, the creation of monetary policy and development of an effective m onetary system was slowed down due to some members of policymakers that supported a decentralized monetary system including the provision of powers to individual states in the country. During this period, a wave of argument and rejection was flowed in the country that tensed the situation.However, the absolute majority of the economists and policymakers advocated the federal official government as the only authoritative body for the egress of paper notes in the country, as well as, the only monitoring body related to the implementation of fiscal and monetary policies in the country. (Walsh, 2003) During the Revolutionary War, the mainstream of the policymakers opposed the utilization and supply of paper money in the country. One of the reasons of such arguments was the atrocious experiences during this state of war that were confronted by the government.Subsequently, this argument accelerated into spunkyer distress to the government during the year 1775, as the war expenses we re out of the reach of governments budget. In addition, the obstructions by the British forces added the difficulties and limited the alternative shipway of controlling the economic condition of the country. In the result, a modification in the monetary policy resulted in the step of Continental Congress that issued around two million dollars of Continental currency in different parts of the country.In detail, more than two hundred million dollars of such currency was issued by the Congress in the short period of only twelve years. (Brue, 2005) During this period, the holders of the abovementioned currency were assured that exchange of gold or silver will be appropriately arranged by the government. However, the government assets were not equipped with such high amount of gold reserves, which resulted in the adverse effects on the economy of the country. (Ursprung, 2004) In the result, the colonies confronted high rate of inflation due to the lack of planning of the Congress during the issuance of the currency.Consequently, destabilization of the economy was observed in the country, and abrupt reduction was observed in the currency. During this phase, situation of uncertainty in the currency was facilitated by the policymakers that advised the declaration of notification of crime, when the exchange of Continental currency was refused by any individual or bank in the country. Subsequently, the policymakers came to a decision that preferred the establishment of Bank of the United States.Once again, some of the policymakers and economists argued the authority of the Congress in terms of allowing the creation of a chartered bank or the issuance and supply of paper money in the country. In the result, the concept of creation of chartered banks took a long time, as long debates were observed in this respect. Conversely, the supply of national currency by the chartered bank of the Federal government was proposed by one of the prominent economists and policy makers, Alexander Hamilton.In the end, Justice outhouse Marhsall declared the legal establishment of the Second Bank of the United States. (Dickinson, 2002) In the year 1913, the Federal arriere pensee System was established that increased the effectiveness of role of the monetary policies in the country. The reserve banks in different states of the United States were monitored by the abovementioned system. In the result, the Federal Reserve was able to maintain the supply of elastic money in the country.The changing economic conditions of the country created a comparative relationship with the money that has been one of the reasons of its referral as elastic money. In the year 1914, gold certificates, as well as, gold reserves were utilized during the valet War I that consequently reduced the value of gold in the country. However, still, many banks in different parts of the globe facilitate international transactions in an effective manner due to the utilization of gold reserves and ass ets. (Wessels, 2006)As earlier discussed in the paper, gold has not been largely involved in the creation of modern monetary policy in the country. In the year 1968, promise of repayment in gold was cancelled by the United States, which resulted in the controlling of money supply by the Federal Reserve, which was responsible for the creation and adjustments of monetary policy in the country. Relevant measures of money supply have been a usual part of economic debates. Nowadays, money supply has become easy and convenient due to the different options of savings account, credit cards, etc.Moreover, monetary policymakers have provided the opportunities of mutual funds, term deposits, etc. in the broader money supply in the country. Still, implementation and different effects of monetary policy on the macroeconomic factors are considered by the policymakers. It has been observed that considerable effectiveness has been shown by the introduction of restrictive monetary policy. On the oth er hand, an economic downturn, as well as, reduction in the inflation was observed due to the implementation of monetary brakes during the high inflation period in the 1980s.Therefore, different components of monetary policy play a crucial role in the growth and stability of the economy. In addition, the activities of domestic, as well as, foreign investors are the result of effective monetary policy in the country. Currently, the effective implementation of different monetary policies has played a vital role in the accomplishment of a healthy economic system in the United States. It was discussed in the paper that the policymakers of monetary policy confronted a number of difficulties during the creation of a centralized monetary system in the country.In the past, the paper discussed that gold and silver played a crucial role in the different economic transactions and creation of monetary policies. However, the money supply and the incorporation of central banking has resulted in the low unemployment rate, high gross domestic product, which has created an effective monetary system and continued monetary development in the country. Conclusively, the paper has discussed and analyzed the historical evolution of monetary system of the United States effectively.

Describe marketing situations in which the use of qualitative research methods would be appropriate Essay Example for Free

Describe marketing situations in which the expenditure of soft research methods would be appropriate EssayDescribe marketing situations in which the use of qualitative research methods would be appropriate. According to Zikmund, Ward, Lowe, Winzar, Babin Qualitative research is a methodology that elaborate interpretations of phenomenal of delight with expose depending on numerical measurement ( Zikmund, Ward, Lowe, Winzar, Babin, 2011, pg 65 ) . It is characterised by its aims, which relate to understanding some aspect of genial life, and its methods which generate words, rather than numbers, as data for analysis ( Patton, Cochrain, 2002 ) .In terms of marketing situations, qualitative research methods are appropriate to be used when the organization root for new product whim generation and development, strength and weaknesses of products/ brands and studying emotions and attitudes on societal and public affairs issues (qrca. org). To maximize understanding on the situation , there are two qualitative research methods that can be consider is Focus Groups and Questionnaires.With these methods, we signalise the benefits as well as limitations of using these research methods. Focus groups can be define as an unstructured, free-flowing interview with a small group of people ( Zikmund, Ward, Lowe, Winzar, Babin, 2011, p71) . An approximately 60 to 90 minute countersign is led by a trained moderator with 8 to 12 relatively homogenous but unacquainted(predicate) individuals who are brought together to deal a specific topic ( Gunn, 2004) .Focus groups allow people to discuss their feelings, anxieties and frustrations, as well as the depth of their convictions, in their own words ( Zikmund, Ward, Lowe, Winzar, Babin, 2011, p72 ) . The benefits of focus groups can be presented for an in-depth exploration of new ideas, opinions, perceptions, and reactions to concepts and messaging. Focus groups often serve as exploratory research to assist check over design of subsequent quantitative research methods.Similarly, they can also be useful in validatory and/ or clarifying results garnered from previous quantitative research and can be use to elicit in their own words descriptions of products, services or issues being discussed. Conferences and other events present relatively low-cost opportunities to sway focus groups with target audiences. There slant to be few interviewer effects on dialog because individuals tend to be influenced more by the group discussion than by the moderator.Participants are usually enthusiastic and ad-lib in their responses and groups tend to naturally cover more questions, opinions and comments than researchers could have anticipated. The disadvantage of the focus group even shows that the results from focus groups are qualitative and nonprojectable to larger populations. They require well-trained moderators to manage discussions, maintain focus, and minimize affects of the personalities and behaviours of ind ividual participants on others and/or the entire group.Logistical and cost considerations include room and food set-up, and incentives are typically compulsory to encourage response. Questionnaires are not among the most prominent methods in qualitative research, because they commonly require subjects to act to a stimulus, and thus they are not acting naturally. However, they have their uses, especially as a government agency of collecting education from a wider precedent than can be reached by personal interview. Though the information is necessarily more limited, it can still be very useful.For example, where certain clearly defined facts or opinions have been identified by more qualitative methods, a questionnaire can explore how generally these apply, if that is a matter of interest. Ideally, there would then be a qualitative check on a sample of questionnaire replies to see if respondents were interpreting items in the way intended. Alternatively, a questionnaire might be used in the first instance, followed by qualitative techniques on a sample as a check and to fill out certain features of the questionnaire replies. Interaction among techniques in this way is typical of qualitative research.

Nissan Corp Swot Essay Example for Free

Nissan tummy Swot EssayGlobal interdependence executable pertly merchandisesGovernment regulations abroad in former(a) countries as well as US and the US international warming, CAFE standards, safety devicety issues harvest-festival of existing securities indus strive widen securities industry New entrants threat of po 10tial inclusive of propagation X,Y and baby boomersnew competitors Strong economy economy not falteringChanging securities industry tastes need for consumers still buyingcontinuous innovation to appeal to ifferent segments Nissans reputation leads the industryShortage of imagings workforce in reliability, performance, and design dissatisfaction, hiring good talent Emerging technologies innovative by dint of the training of technologies for improving raise economy and reducing terminate emissions Introduction This Case Paper pass on get word accessible information about Nissan Corporation and determine its position in the dry land market d ane and by means of a business SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). Through this analysis, we hope to check out where the Nissan has been and make suggestions as to where the society should go to improve their bottom line, emergence market shargon, and plan for future products to ensure their viability in the world railroad carmobile marketplace. Market Analysis Nissans focus in establishing a multi-cultural union begins with regaining global market sh be. The smart set has learned from past mistakes and is determined to succeed, evolution a common trance and a global ompany culture that willing need to be a main driver for continued strong point (Associated Press, pgs. 1-8). For instance, establishing a brand name and personality that is sensitive to nationalistic cultures. Strategic eitheriances and joint ventures atomic number 18 development in importance in the motorcar industry and Nissan is no stranger to the competition. Nissans missi on contention cast off goted by Mr. Ghosn in the Automotive News World Congress in 2001, is evidenced in how the federation exploits synergies to pull in positive alliances with other makers (Ibid).For example, Nissans announcement to venture with Ashok Leyland to build small trucks and other sweet commercial vehicles in India gives them an opportunity to enter a market that in recent years has been dominated by its competitors, Toyota and Honda. This venture will produce at least 100,000 vehicles annually for sale in India and for export, as it will facilitate the facial expression of a plant near the southern Indian city of Chennai to manufacture and export compact cars to atomic number 63.The deal with Ashok Leyland will broaden Nissan coverage in the Indian market in addition to providing new LCV (lightweight commercial vehicle) products for emerging markets which will sell for around $3,000. 00. Ashok Leylands strengths in with child(p) and mid- size of itd trucks co mbined with Nissans strength in smaller vehicles creates a positive synergy (Ibid). gibe to Mr. Ghosn, partnering globally is an opportunity and the Chinese market is no exception. China is Nissans third largest single market, after compass north the States and Japan. Vehicle drudgery has grown over the past ten years.However, the study source of fruit has been the output signal of passenger cars (The Business Review, pg. 7). Passenger car production has doubled in the past ten years. This shift is in response to a flip in market conditions and in a inclination for Chinese manufacturers to enter the global auto passenger car market. Consumer demand is in like manner increasing and in order to satisfy this demand, auto production has been increasing. The demand for autos is expected to continue (Ibid). tally to the Wall road Journal, the car craze in China has just begun.There ar 2 factors that create possible opportunities for Nissan 1) the country has the worlds large st population and as incomes rise, so will the hopes of buying an auto nigh day. 2) the market may grow to 8 million vehicle gross revenue annually by 2010. Nissans new line of cars in China will be designed and railway locomotiveered in Japan, based on a common B platform shared with Renault that centers on smaller engines. Annual sales of the undefiled family of cars are expected to reach 200,000 units globally and will be diped in other markets over the nigh couple of years (Financial Times, pg. ). However, the threat of short roads and the governments changes in regulating how autos are purchased will make the costs unpredictable. On a financial outperform, the banks are low pressure to bidding credit, so auto loans may not be easy to acquire. northerly America accounts for n advance(prenominal) 40% of Nissans global sales, and in each of the past years sales have exceeded those in Japan, with the shot widening each year. Nissan is spending several billion dollars on new representatives, and the U. S. assembly plant in Canton, MS is aimed at maintaining momentum ( struggleds Auto World, pg. 1).The more than or less signifi merchantmant automotive development in North America is continuing growth in the luxury segment and the increasing popularity of cross/ benefit vehicles. Nissan is on track to rebuild its image and regain brand value. In the past, customer satisfaction was good, moreover the model lineup was limited. Now, with the Q45, M45, G35 sedan and coupe and the FX models, the market has begun to recognize that Infiniti provides a range of real luxury models (Ibid). According to Bloomberg, Honda Motor Co. and Nissan Motor Co. led Asian automakers U. S. sales gains in September as Toyota Motor Corp. stick on a third straight decline.Accord military serviceed boost sales by 9. 4 percent. Toyotas 4. 4 percent drop marked the first cartridge holder since 1995 that Japans largest automaker logged lead attendant months of lower U. S. sales. Sales of the five year-old Corolla model, Toyotas second-most popular in the U. S. , dropped 8. 5 percent and demand for the companys light trucks declined amid rising natural gas prices. Industrywide U. S. sales fell for a fourth consecutive month, by 2. 9 percent to 1. 31 million light vehicles (Bloomberg. com, pgs. 1-3). Toyotas old models like the Corolla are drag down age Honda and Nissan have brand-new models.Nissan reported a 6. 7 percent increase in sales (Ibid). Nissan, sixth in the U. S. , sold 94,269 vehicles, encourageed by soaring demand for midsize Altima and Versa compact cars. Nissans market share edged up 0. 7 percentage point to 7. 2 percent. The Japanese are seemly more aggressive in terms of incentives and pricing, which makes them more competitive against South Koreas largest automaker. The company faces tough competition from Japanese and Korean auto makers like Toyota, Honda and Mitsubishi, which are rapidly gaining ground in the European market s.Asian manufacturers are continuing to fortify their position in the crucial North American and European market. It can besides expect stiff competition from Toyota and BMW (Ibid). Nissan believes that growing the business means introducing new products and has created the Nissan revival Plan to realign their cost structure. Significant amounts of m nonpareily are funneled back into product development, mostly way out towards the North American market. This means there are opportunities for new innovations that will bring the company in line with a mix of vehicles that are currently on the road.Its RD costs in FY 2006/2007 stood at JFY 464,839 million, an increase of 3. 9% when compared to JFY 447,582 million in FY 2005/2006. The company increased its investment on RD activities to launch a host of new products finishedout the year (Ibid). In 2007, Nissan launched a new version of its minicar, namely, Pino E, which is a 2WD model and outfit with a three-speed automotive tran smission. It is claimed to adjure a fuel economy of 21. 0 km/1. Furthermore, the model is considered safe and environmentally friendly, as it features anti-lock braking clay (ABS), brake assist (BA) and electronic braking force distri only whenion (EBD) systems.It is low emitting, complying with the 2005 emissions regulations in Japan. In March 2007, the company also developed a new engine engine room that helps equilibrate between responsiveness and fuel cogency, high office staff and low emissions (Ibid). Today, Nissan stands behind its oblations that fundamentals of the business are strong, products are attractive to customers, and the company is poised for sustained, profitable growth. Environmental Concerns In researching the issues of automakers in regards to the environment, many nations as stated in The Wall Street Journal, are bring uped about climate change and free energy security.One of the most important issues all automakers are faced with on a global scale i s the reduction of emissions, more specifically ampere-second dioxide or CO2. Concerns for the future in the minds of the majority are riding horse new goals for automakers of vehicles with internal combustion engines to bend more economical if they are to remain profitable or even in existence, which is further backed by a global treaty k straightaway as the Kyoto protocol (Wall Street Journal). In the protocols drafting of new rules they are intended to toughie emissions of CO2, the gas widely blamed for global warming can potentially pose a major threat.According to scientists, it is reported that the rise in the earths average atmospheric temperature is largely collectible to this major contributor CO2 which will bring changes to the global environment, and therefore affect our daily lives (Ibid). According to the Wall Street Journal, a debate is raging in the US over how much time automakers actually need to boost fuel economy, and whether setting stringent laughingstock s will compromise safety by encouraging car makers to expend lighter materials. Additionally, the US has not adopted the Kyota protocol and is under less(prenominal) pressure to reduce CO2 emissions as they are in Europe.Therefore, Nissans global prominence puts the auto manufacturer in an opportunity position by making concentrated efforts in advanced applied science to reduce carbon dioxide emissions at every stage of the vehicles life cycle and their corporate activities, from manufacturing and transportation to use of Nissans vehicles by its consumers. Nissan, currently the third largest automaker out of Japan has opportunity to grow stronger from the threats of one and two automakers Toyota and Honda respectively, who lead the market in alternative fuel development (Wall Street Journal).According to Nissans Green Program, it is Nissans view that internal combustion engines will continue to be the main world-beater source of vehicles globally in the years ahead. Therefore, Ni ssan therefore takes a stance of reducing CO2 emissions through the development and widespread adoption of advanced technologies for improving the fuel economy of gasoline engine vehicles. shortly in the works for Nissan is the development of cleaner diesel engine vehicles that run on biofuels made from plants and other reusable sources (Ibid).Nissan estimates that over half of the vehicles they sell by 2050 will need to be electrically supply if they are to reach their long term goal of reducing CO2 emissions. Nissans threat has been its major competitors in developing hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and electrical vehicles. Other companies such as Toyota are setting the bar in alternative fuel sources which makes them a profitable industry drawing card with the obvious threats of gas prices that change virtually on a daily basis (Ibid). Nissan History and institutionNissan Motors history dates back to the 1930s when Jidosha Seizo Co Ltd was established in 1933 in Yokohoma City, Japan. Its beginnings as a munitions company was short lived when the company was renamed to Nissan Heavy Industry Co Ltd and introduced the first Datsun, manufactured after World War II. After the company began exporting the cars to the US in 1958, it gained popularity receivable to its small size and high fuel efficiency. Subsequently, in 1980, Nissan Motor established Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corp. USA to strengthen its market potential in North America (ABI/INFORM Global pg. 1).Today, Nissan supplies a widespread customer base classified crossways regions, namely, Japan, the US, Asia, Europe and General Overseas Market, which includes Mexico and Canada. This market includes 150 dealers and 2,500 outlets worldwide (Ibid). This is the age of globalization and the worldwide interdependence of resource supplies, product markets, and business competition. Nissan has succeeded in meeting its challenges due to its focus in valuing diversity both in its workforce and through understanding customer needs. This is evident in how the company plans ahead and is always spirit for new ways to improve current performance.For instance, the company learned from past mistakes failure to recognize changing customer focus in non-growth sectors, and cosmos competitively focused rather than market focused. Also, finding the compensate people and the right plan to maximize growth is key (Nissan News, pg. 8). Shiro Nakamura Nissans automotive designer is known as The man behind the Nisan Look and has developed somewhat up-to-date, eye-catching designs that have no comparison to the old models, and the company is optimistic that sales will increase once the current plan to launch 28 new cars during fiscal year 2008.Most of the changes are defined to the upper body and correct to make it more like the Altima (Business Week, pg. 1). Nissans innovations stem from producing a product that their customers want. Their philosophy is that investing in a product that will bring value and satisfaction to its customers will build loyalty as well as expand that market base. Nissans models include Maxima and Sentra cars, Altima and upscale sedans, Frontier pickups, the 350Z sports car, and Xterra and Pathfinder SUVs.In 1999 French automaker Renault took a 37% stake in Nissan, and installed president and CEO Carlos Ghosn (nicknamed Le personify Killer based on his talent for turning red ink black) who has since returned the company to profitability. Renault now owns or so 45% of Nissan. According to Hoovers, Nissan fiscal year end sales in March were in millions, $80,583. 7. pass income in millions was $4,427. 8, and 1 year net income growth was 7. 0%. Their top competitors were General Motors, Honda, and Toyota (Hoovers. com, pg. -2) Generation X consumers can identify with the sports world, ESPNs X Games. Games showcase the worlds most dangerous events. The X generation is also playing a big role in the fashion world, thus the automotive in dustry has been one of the leaders driving the X growing trend. Jaguars Web localize prominently features a glowing X to promote the new Jaguar X-Type a car for a new generation. And Nissan has scored big with the model Nissan Xterra. This trend is enabling Nissan to tap into a pool of young car buyers.The vehicle has attracted many new buyers, some of which have never purchased a Nissan before. The Xterra is aimed to attract 25 to 35 year old drivers. Marketing tactics fill viewers with scenes of athletes doing extreme outdoor exercise, and thrust their SUVs to the extreme. Polls cited that men were most affected with the advertisement than women. 13% to 9%. According to the Gallop polls, the ads scored highest among those 30 to 39 years old, which is right where the company was trying to segment. The 25 to 35 year old target market (USA Today, pg. 2-3).Baby Boomers on the other hand are most attracted to the Nissan Murano, or Nissan Bevel. Nissans long term vision for 2015 is t hat future vehicles will save lives by installing a series of sensors that can detect sobriety of a driver and can immobilize the car. Other features include detecting working(a) changes, such as drifting out of a lane, at which time the system navigation system alerts the driver with voice message alerts and the seat belt is tightened. Nissan is currently testing an on-board breathalyzer and road sensors to help reduce accidents.Other plans to develop an Intelligent Transport System Project and road sensors will help reduce accidents (Nissan. com, pg. 1-2) The company understands the importance of agility in a dynamic 21st century market and is continuously reinventing itself to stay ahead of the competition. Some times, this means winning risk of exposures. Most recently, the company made an announcement that it was touching its home office from California to Tennessee. The new facility will accommodate 1300 plus employees and favorable for business, not to call down contrib uting to the infrastructure and supporting the biotic community with more jobs.Its inevitable that there could be some unforeseeable threats perhaps with current labor force. Some issues could be that they are not in apprehension with the transfer and choose to leave the company, thus the need for new hires. Other potential threats are the risk of new competitors in the area, and developing a new sense for the new market. The California population may not have the same tastes and likes as the Tennessee population, thus Nissan could expend additional resources to substitute products and services (Tennessean. om, pg. 1-4). A strategy for the future that Nissan could consider would be to offer a motorcycle product. Exploring and pursuing this opportunity would forgo them to remain competitive and also to offer products to meet different needs. Honda, BMW, and Suzuki, all of whom offer cars, trucks, and sport improvement vehicles, Nissan too should visit the idea of offering a motor cycle. Over the years Nissan has developed quality products that are dependable, highly functional and desirable this being an advantage for Nissan.Along with remaining competitive, the high price of fuel recently would make a Nissan motorcycle more appealing. The motorcycle would alleviate fuel expenses and consumption. The Nissan motorcycle would also be appealing in geographic locations such as Japan, China and major cities in the joined States that do not have the space on roads for larger vehicles. Nissan plans to offer a imageion vehicle that resembles a car and a motorcycle. This vehicle is called Urge and offers state of the art gaming systems that give the driver to use the gas and brake pedals to play.When considering the pricing of a Nissan motorcycle and remaining competitive, Nissan should consider that Honda and Suzuki offer motorcycles at reasonably affordable prices. Suzuki offers several types of motorcycles to include cruisers, motocross, and sport bikes all at reasonable prices ranging from $6,000. 00 to under $10,000. Honda also offers cruisers, motocross, and sport bikes. Honda motorcycles range from $3,000 to $13,000. In order to lure prospective buyers into purchasing a Nissan motorcycle, Nissan should separate out to offer its motorcycles at reasonable prices, similar to Suzuki and Honda.The price range for motorcycles made by BMW is slightly higher starting at $8,000 to $15,000. BMW has offered a motorcycle since 1923. Its tenure along with the fact that consumers have learned to affirm the German made motorcycle are what keep BMW competitive. Offering reasonably priced and desirable styles similar to BMW, Honda and Suzuki is a great opportunity that has not been approached by Nissan. The cruiser styles offered by Honda, Suzuki and BMW resemble that of a Harley Davidson motorcycle without the high cost.The market for Nissan motorcycles is positive with the increasing cost of fuel and the ages of future drivers. Most of the baby bo omer generation have become accustomed to the quality of Nissan vehicles and would be approaching retirement age in the future(a) few years. Nissans release of motorcycles would segment the soon retired baby boomers as a fun and amateur of transportation. The Nissan motorcycle would also segment the new drivers of today which in a few years will be the young generation to market to.Nissan would have to be conscious of expenses in marketing and production of the motorcycle, a product never offered and could use the business model already established by its competitors offering both motorcycles and machines in the industry. According to Analysts, the economy is not faltering and people are still aspirant for the future. It is a race to the finish line, and who ever gets there first wins. It will be interesting to see how automobile manufacturers will implement new strategies (Economy Today, pg. 1) Nissan Technologies Past and FutureNew technologies were as important to Nissans past as they are to Nissans future. Nissan has always addressed environmental issues, including the development of clean king sources for vehicles and recycling of natural resources. Nissan has been able to release one new model after another with fuel-efficient direct-injection gasoline engines and direct-injection diesel engines since 1997. This has led to the expanding application of the Hyper CVT (continuously variable transmission) , the Extroid CVT, the Tino Hybrid and the two-seater Hypermini electric vehicle in the early part of 2000 for efficient fuel economy (Nissan global. om). Nissans history goes back to an automobile factory started by Masujiro Hashimoto in 1911 called the Kwaishinsha Co. In 1914, a box-type small passenger car was completed and in the following year the car made its debut on the market under the name of Dat Car. Another predecessor of Nissan was Jitsuyo Jidosha Co. , Ltd. , which trade machine tools and components from the U. S. , and was one of the mos t modern automobile factories of its time. Kwaishinsha Co. and Jitsuyo Jidohsa Co. merged in 1926 to form Dat Jidosha Seizo Co. , and two years later to the establishment of Nissan Motor Co. Ibid). In preparation for post war capital investment in Japan, Nissan developed two state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities leading to the advancement of motorization and increased traffic accidents and contributed to the job of air pollution. Nissan developed its first Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) in 1971 and over the years created a reputation for excellence in engineering and advanced technology. Nissan has developed weight-reducing materials, engine management systems for controlling combustion, and victimization CAD/CAM systems and industrial robots (Ibid).Recently, Nissan has also been localizing RD operations, which has now advanced decision-making through the regional headquarters in North America and Europe. Nissans local operations in their respective regions oversee product d evelopment, manufacturing, procurement, fund-raising and vulgar complementation of parts between companies (Ibid). Nissans Vision Nissan is developing corporate activities centered on automobile manufacturing based on their vision of enriching peoples lives. In order for cars, which provide mobility, to truly become reliable partners for our customers, a number of issues including global environmental issues, traffic accidents and congestion problems must be tackled as part of a long-term vision (Nissan global. com). The global automotive industry is entering an era that will change almost every facet of the car in the future to come. Nissans global vision includes the pursuit of environmentally sustainable technologies creating one of the greatest engineering competitions in history that has the potential to deliver epochal benefits to humanity (Ibid).To realize our vision, Nissan is developing technologies based on a framework called the Orchard concept. This concept allows Nis san to embrace technologies in a comprehensive manner (Nissan global. com). In order to create a clear value in order for customers to choose their cars, Nissan is likening its approach to the management of a fruit grove in which fruit is planted and raised. The process has three phases, one the Harvest Plan, two Seeding and Growth and three Soil Enrichment.The Harvest Plan takes into account social needs and market demands for the commercialization of technologies and the timing of releases. Seeding and Growth will implement strategies for the realization of the Harvest Plan and to formulate development of schemes. Lastly, Soil Enrichment will create value for the long term by researching reliability improvement and analysis technologies (Ibid). Some of the proposed solutions are more efficient fuel-cells for electric cars, bio-fuels, advanced diesel fuels or combinations of these solutions.However, the most effective solutions will not be decided by engineers. It will be deci ded by consumer demand, which is the most causeful force for global environmental progress. Every new car buyer in every country gets a ballot by exercising their right to choose, thereby dictating both the pace of future change and its direction (Ibid). Nissans vision is to invest massively in RD in pursuit of new technologies. This has not always been the case. due(p) to perilous financial decisions, in 1999 Nissan could not afford to invest in the core of its brand indistinguishability technological innovation.Today, Nissans RD budget is much healthier than the level of 1999 due to significantly increased efficiency of their RD activities. This has led to an environmental blueprint known as Nissans Green Program 2010. Also taking advantage of the alliance with its parent company, Renault, Nissan is able to focus on specific promising technologies such as advanced lithium-ion batteries and other areas, such as clean diesels. Nissans vision includes the determination to be th e leader in environmental progress.It is Nissans belief that motoring can be both jet plane and fun allowing consumers to expect new technologies that will enhance dynamic performance (Ibid). Some of the latest technologies being embraced by Nissan are the X-Trail Fuel Cell Vehicle, Ultra-low Friction Diamond-like Carbon (DLC), the Super Motor, and the stocky Lithium-ion Battery. Nissan continues to raise the practicality of FCVs, which are being developed as the most eco-friendly vehicles. The X-Trail FCV provides increased cruising range. (Nissan global. com). The FCV also provides improved acceleration.The new model features a Nissan-developed fuel cell stack that is more efficient than the previous stack resulting in maximum might of 90 kw compared with 63 kw in the 2003 model. Ultra-low Friction Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) is Nano-technology based on ultra-low clangour technology. Nissan has substantially reduced attrition between engine parts by developing the first technolo gy in the world to combine a hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating with special oil. Energy is lost due to friction that arises between the hundreds of parts that comprise an engine.This ultra-low friction technology uses nanotechnology in order to reduce friction by approximately 40% compared to conventional engines. The DLC works by use of a hydrogen-free DLC coating, improves binding with the engine oil, and results in the formation of a firm ultra-low friction film when special oil additives are added. It is now possible to reduce overall engine friction by 25% (Ibid). The Super Motor and Compact Batteries Nissan has independently developed the Super Motor based on an all-new concept. One motor provides siding through two shafts, enabling it to function as both a motor and a generator.This innovative technology has a wide range of potential applications (Nissan global. com). The Super Motor can dramatically reduce the size and improve the efficiency of the drive unit compared with the use of two conventional motors. Independent control of the power obtained from the two shafts. The Super Motor has rotors positioned on both the inside and outside of one stator, enabling power to be delivered through two shafts by use of a new technology to apply combine current to the Stator coils (Nissan global. com).Nissan has succeeded in independently developing a laminated lithium-ion cell that displays an exceptionally high sidetrack characteristic. This cell is the result of many years of lithium-ion electric battery research that began in 1992. The laminated cell is featured from the 2003 model X-TRAIL FCV (Nissan global. com). The laminated cell design and high-power electrode technology improve power output by 1. 5 times and reduce the volume by more than half compared with the conventional cylindrical cell. The thin cell construction also enables a thin module design for a substantial improvement in battery ooling efficiency. Locating the battery und er the floor achieves compact and highly efficient vehicle packaging, including a low, tied(p) floor, among other advantages. Compared with the cylindrical cell, the laminated cell has fewer components and is extremely compact and lightweight. Moreover, Nissan has succeeded in achieving higher power output through material improvements made to the lithium manganate positive electrode and the carbon negative electrode (Nissan global. com). Executive Summary kindred any other automobile manufacturer, to stay competitive in todays world markets, one must consistently innovate and stay one step ahead of the competition. In the past, automobile manufacturers have been first in presenting more fuel efficient vehicles, increased gasoline mileage rating through body redesign, and have introduced new safety features for the yearning public marketplace. Nissan current project in India is to try to regain market share from its competitors Toyota and Honda by creating Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) which are small cars that can be sold for around $3,000. 00.This innovative idea can create a brand new market segment of customers who could not, up until this point, afford to purchase and operate a vehicle. Along with being fuel efficient and maintaining competitive, Nissans offering a motorcycle would be an added strategy to pursue. Dealing with the myriad of different cultures across the globe is also a major focus of Nissans Chief Operating Office Carlos Ghosn who realizes that the universe of discourse of multi-cultural company can flourish and grow through exploiting it synergies, believes that feeding off each others strengths, and minimizing its weaknesses are key.Automobile manufacturers like Nissan can never be one size fits all, but they can certainly try to understand and adapt to different cultures to maximize desired commonalities and maximize profits. These days, partnering globally cannot be realized without including China. China is Nissans third largest single market (only after North America and Japan). Although vehicle production has significantly increased over the last ten years, passenger car production has actually doubled in the last ten years due to market conditions and Chinese automobile manufacturers ntering the car market. China has a great position in the future manufacturing of automobiles because of increased income and an already over-inflated population. However, threats of inadequate roadways, governmental regulations on how automobiles are purchased, and pressure on Chinese banks to control credit may temporarily slow the process. North America has captured 40% of Nissans global sales and has caused an ever-widening gap with Japanese sales which has been increasing each year. Nissan has recently spent several billion dollars on new models and a new U. S. ssembly plant in Mississippi to ensure that this momentum continues. Nissan believes that growing this business means introducing new products while realigning c ost structures. Large sums of money are being placed back into product development most geared towards the North America market. Although the United States never signed onto the popular Kyoto protocol which planned to significantly reduce the amount of carbon emissions in the world, many other nations did because of the ever growing concerns of climate change on a global scale which many believe poses a worldwide threat.Nissan, however, has proactively realized this concern and has taken advantage of this opportunity by making concentrated efforts in advancing technology that reduces carbon dioxide emissions at every stage of the vehicles life cycle. Nissan is vigorously working on the beingness of cleaner diesel engines that run on biofuels made from plants and other renewable sources. The threat to Nissan has been its competitors who are developing hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles.Toyota has lead this aspect of the automobile industry, and has been setting the bar in alternative fuel sources making them the very green and very profitable company that envisions change in the industry. Nissan began exporting cars to the U. S in 1958 and gained popularity because of its small size and great fuel efficiency. Today, Nissan has developed new eye-catching designs that do not resemble older models. Nissan is very optimistic that sales will increase significant once these 28 new models are launched during the 2008 year. But the look of new models alone isnt all Nissan is after.Safety features such as installing a series of sensors that can detect alcohol levels in the driver will alert the car to slow and/or become immobilized. Corporate agility is also a key factor as is shown when Nissan moved its headquarters from California to Tennessee, which accommodates over 1300 employees, supporting the community with more jobs, and reducing significant overhead. New technologies developed at Nissan have addressed environmental issues including clean power s ources for its vehicles and recycling of natural resources.Nissan has envisioned that the future of their company will greater enrich peoples lives through global environment issues, and reducing traffic accident and congestion problems. Some of Nissans proposals include more efficient fuel-cells for electric vehicles, bio-fuels, and advanced diesel fuels. The most important facet that Nissan realizes is that effective solutions will be decided by consumer demand, not engineers. Nissan has constructed a Green Program 2010 which has become their environmental blueprint for achievement in the industry.