The American Nation Of Guyana - 1191 Words

On November 18, 1979, in the South American nation of Guyana, a United States Congressman named Leo Ryan, and several news reporters were assassinated by members of a religious cult called the Peoples Temple. Due to increased scrutiny and pressures at home, the Reverend Jim Jones, had moved the majority of his congregation to South America in order to establish a communist utopia. Representative Ryan had travelled to meet with Jones at the requests of numerous family members whom were concerned about their missing loved ones. Subsequent to the assassinations, Jim Jones was not only able convince most of his followers to willingly drink cyanide laced Kool-Aid, but he also influenced them to give the poison to their own children to drink as well. In all, 918 people, mostly due to their obedience to Jones, were either murdered or convinced to freely commit suicide; and some, even consented to the murder of their own children (Moore, R McGehee, F., 2014). The first question that many pe ople might ask, is what kind of mind control did Jim Jones have over his followers? Moreover, what kind of lessons were his people learning while they were isolated in the middle of a Guyanese jungle? The Control and Learning theories help people to learn a great deal about crime, but they can also aid in the understanding of how criminal organizations or societies work as well. Control Theories as Related to Abuses Within the Catholic Church The Frontline documentary, â€Å"Hand of God,† tells theShow MoreRelatedFactors Contributing Factors That Determine Conflict1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthe possibility of conflict. These factors have been derived from major wars fought and are also applicable to determining whether conditions present may precipitate a conflict. Interestingly, some of these factors have also been identified in the Guyana-Venezuela conflict. a) General factors that characterize war John Stoessinger believes that no country that began a war in this century emerged as the victor. These include Iraq’s invasion of Iran and Kuwait. In all cases, those who initiated warRead MoreEssay on Role Of America in Human Trafficking1363 Words   |  6 Pagesglobal problems. It has been called the dark side of globalization because an enormous upsurge of human enslavement has accompanied a border-free world economy (Miller). Trafficking in persons is a transnational crime that touches people in every nation, and even neighborhoods in this country. The vast reach of human trafficking stunned my own community, when we learned that a 12-year-old Egyptian girl was imprisoned as a domestic slave in the garage of a family home in Irvine, California. Like manyRead MorePublic Goods And Social Expenditure1218 Words   |  5 Pagesgroup. Most countries and places in the world are not accustomed to have a single ethnic group, and can vary from a couple to thousands of ethnic grou ps within a territory. National identity is an institution that brings the sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in their political aspirations. This involves a high demand of freedom through sovereignty and involves a large demand for equality. National identity can occasionally develop from ethnic identities and is inherently political. For exampleRead MoreSummary Of The Rodney Riots By Walter Rodney1712 Words   |  7 PagesPan-Africanist, he formed close relationships with leaders of liberation movements in Africa. In 1974, Rodney engaged in discussions that lead up to the Sixth Pan-African Congress. In 1974, Rodney went to Guyana to take a job he was offered as a history professor at the University of Guyana, but upon his arrival he was denied. He went on to join and lead a new political group called, â€Å"the Working Peoples Alliance† who spoke out against the PNC government. The Working Peoples Alliance’s goal wasRead MoreThe Assassination Of Timothy Mcveigh1509 Words   |  7 Pages Ever since its creation America has always been seen as the icon for peace and prosperity; however, just like every other nation in the world, America has encountered some exceedingly dark and sinister incidents of the past years. Like David Berkowitz’s killing spree in New York City during the summer of 1976, the Virginia Tech shooting that took place on the college campus in 2007, and even the horrific Oklahoma City Bombing that Timothy McVeigh orchestrated in 1995. But there is one event in particularRead MoreThe Concept Of Heroes1105 Words   |  5 Pagesmany mir acles and special healings (which were later disproved) (McCloud). Jones moved his congregation several times and for a multitude of reasons, but the most outrageous was the move to Guyana. They created their own civilization there, with the only outside communication gained through Jones (McCloud). Guyana is where his leadership crumbled, only because of outside forces pushing inward on the group. Due to these forces he felt that he could no longer lead them; thus, he led his followers to mass-suicideRead MoreEssay on Guyana and Family Values1036 Words   |  5 PagesGuyana is a middle income country with a multi-ethnic population living under the Coat of Arm, â€Å"One People, One Nation, and One Destiny.† Unlike the western world, my country us a great place to raise a family because happiness in Guyana is built upon mutual respect for each other and strong bond between family and friends. The government has created the necessary policies to sustain this culture. On the o ther hand, American youths in today’s information age are suffering from continued mortificationRead MoreAmerican Free Trade Agreement ( Nafta ) And Mercosur Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Mercosur. There is a need for Caribbean countries to become part of the ‘bigger picture’ and discontinue assuming that their traditional schemes and old markets will continue to sustain them. Integration promises new and innovative solutions to open new markets and expand exportations. In a country small like Belize, exportations are decreasing dramatically and importations will continue to increase. The Bank of Guyana has also reportedRead More Spread of United States Culture through Technology Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesIn todays society, the way in which information is spread drastically differs from that of yesterday, especially in different parts of the world - more specifically, the Commonwealth of Nations. As the United States continues to dominate almost every aspect of the world, including culture, many different nations scurry to keep up with them, sometimes adopting an identity which is in great contrast to their own, and in many cases, shadow their own identity as a whole. With the ever-advancing technologyRead MoreThe Suicide Rates Of South Korea1349 Words   |  6 Pageshealth consequences that may follow and the public messaging of these policies and related events† (Tutt). Guyana, is the country with the most suicide rates in the world. At a staggering rate of 44.2 suicides per 100,000 people, the small nation of Guyana in South America has the highest rate of suicide in the world (Mohammad). Because of a strong stigma and a lack of resources in Guyana, suicide as a public health issue has fallen by the wayside. One of the most commonly used suicide method is

External Factors And Their Effects On Organisations Essay

Businesses need to focus on external factors, as they are uncontrollable and impact each firm in an unexpected way. External Factors can affect the ability of a business or venture to accomplish its key objectives and destinations. These outside components may incorporate; Competition, social, legal, and technological changes, economic and political environment. This research paper will investigate external factors and their effects on organisations. The examination of the topic will be based upon precise research information, opening the negative effects of outer components. Climate change is a threat to businesses, and has been responsible for numerous setbacks impacting them. Its current effect on businesses include: expanding the danger of harm to buildings, interruptions to infrastructures, supply chains and causing loss of stock (Gledhill, Hamza-Goodacre, Ping 2015). Consequently, Moore (2011) stated that ‘In 2011 a ‘survey of almost 200 businesses revealed an average loss of $834,992 for businesses that had to stop trading as a direct result of flood damage or power loss.’ Revealing that climate change is threatening firms, including, agriculture companies. Because of climate change, droughts and heat waves have been responsible for the annihilation of 1/10 of crops, over the last 50 years (Puiu 2016). Climate change causes: agribusinesses and firms supplying them to lose profit. Additionally, Firms being supplied by the agriculture companies also lose cash,Show MoreRelatedCan Organisational Culture Be Changed?1376 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion: Can Organisational Culture be changed? Management within an organisation has the ability to re-shape, re-engineer, re-organise and change their organisation and organisational culture, the majority of organisation’s today, have the ability to change their culture, however, at the same time, it is a very difficult and demanding task. This is where the four main functions of managing come into play; planning, controlling, leading and organising. Robbins at al (2009, p.94) defines organisationalRead MoreFrameworks And Models That Facilitate The It Strategy Planning Process Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesNew Zealand Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify frameworks and models that help support the process of creating an IT strategy plan. In order to create any plan, the creator must know the current state of the organisation, and what aspects of the organisation need to change. This research was accomplished by performing a literature review on existing models and frameworks that fulfill this purpose. Existing frameworks of SWOT, PEST, Porters Five Forces, Technology Acceptance ModelRead More managing global Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesattention to factors in the external environment, which may affect an organisations success. It may be, however, that factors in the internal environment will also influence success in a global environment. It is important for global managers to be familiar with the factors of the external environment and pay close attention to the management of the internal environment because factors from both the internal and external environments will most c ertainly influence the success of an organisation. Most importantlyRead MoreInternal And External Environments Of Business1568 Words   |  7 PagesChange is something that businesses cannot escape. If an organisation does not accept and adapt to such changes then they are more often than not going to fail. There can be certain circumstances that can arise that affect the way an organisation operates, either in a positive or negative way. These circumstances that may have a positive or negative effect on the organisation, are known as ‘Environmental Factors’. (Internal and External Environments of Business: Lesson Quiz Study.com. 2015. n.dRead MoreInternal And External Triggers, Resistance For Organisational Change1373 Words   |  6 Pages changes within an organisation is express that it needs to improvement, adjusts to follow the fast development in the world economy. Also, it gives an organisation get ready to face the changes wether in customers or prevent an ec onomic crisis. On the contrary, the organisation must be failure if it keeps the same system to face the other competitors who taking a positive attitude to the changes and development continues. Consequently, it’s very necessary for an organisation to aware of the importanceRead More Organizational Culture Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational culture refers to how the various types of things are performed in the organisation. In other words it can be said that how the work is executed, and whether that work is satisfactory or unsatisfactory.† Organisation culture includes different types of values, beliefs, opinions, traditions, rituals, Policies, beliefs, notion† (Mullins, 2005 p 891 ) In many ways organisational culture helps to the organisation to achieve their goal and to formulate strategies and propaganda so that properRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Development Framework1614 Words   |  7 PagesWe then look into what purpose it serves in an organisation. Then we look into the different models of SHRM how these models compare with each other. Literature review intends to develop a new framework which is a combination of two frameworks, The Harvard Model and the Warwick model of SHRM. STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (SHRM) People are the most important asset and have a considerable influence on the overall performance of the organisation Huselid (1995). Also according to Hall (2004)Read MoreAnalysis Of Qantas Airlines An Organization Situational Analysis1047 Words   |  5 Pagesof Qantas Airlines. An organisations situational analysis refers to an analysis that consists of ascertaining the key factors that will be used as a basis for development of marketing strategy. (Elliot 2014). Situational analysis consists of the environment analysis (both internal and external environment), competitor’s analysis and finally the swot analysis. By analysing those elements stated above, it is likely that the higher authority could evaluate the organisations in terms of its strategicRead MoreBhp Billiton And World Biggest Natural Resources Organisation1114 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction BHP BILLITON is established and world biggest natural resources organisation. This company is working in 25 countries across the world. BHP BILLITON is one of the top industries for producing aluminium, energy coal, metallurgical coal, copper, uranium, iron ore, oil, gas, diamonds. Head office of this organisation is in Melbourne, Australia. ï  ¶ BHP BILLITON also provided steel for Sydney Harbour Bridge. BHP BILLITON is also a part of the first Military Aircraft in Australia. (EdumineRead MoreExternal And Internal Factors Influencing Strategic Management Planning1251 Words   |  6 PagesQ: You will create a presentation to critically analyse the external and internal factors influencing strategic management planning. In my presentation today it is important to ascertain what strategic management planning is and to then critically analyze the internal and external factor which influence it. Strategic management planning Strategic management is concerned with making decisions about an organization’s future direction for growth, renewal and transformation and implementing those

Characteristics of Servant Leadership free essay sample

Greenleaf first defined the phrase â€Å"Servant Leadership† he pointed out that the difference between it and leader was â€Å"a servant aspiring to serve and taking up leadership as result† (Greenleaf, 1977). Leader is defined as a person who rules or guides or inspires others. Being considered as a servant first, a servant leader’s priority is to lead in a way that they are serving others by developing them as well as giving their undivided attention to their colleagues and those they serve (Spears, 1998). Taking into consideration Greenleaf’s characteristics of servant leadership and the Biblical doctrine as well other philosophies, we will explore the idea that the Servant Leadership is â€Å"compatible with most religions and theories of philosophy. † 1 Peter 4:10-11 suggests that everyone has the gift to be a servant and as good stewards it should be used to serve one another. One of the most interesting characteristics that comes to the forefront in Greenleaf’s essay, it is the wish to help others. The leadership is secondary and the main focus here is on the needs of others which is one way to distinguish servant- leaders from all other leaders. Greenleaf includes other characteristics that are important in the Servant Leadership such as listening and understanding; acceptance and empathy; foresight; awareness and perception; persuasion; conceptualization; self-healing; and rebuilding community (Spears, 1998). One could say that the characteristics are important skills or techniques that all good leaders should possess to be effective leaders. Mr. Greenleaf is not the only author who has taken hold of the â€Å"servant leadership† philosophy; Ken Blanchard and Stephen Covey have also embraced the concept. Mr. Blanchard commented in his Foreword in the book to Focus on Leadership, the he believed that Servant Leadership relevant to the business world today. He goes on to communicate in his writing that people are yearning for more when it comes to looking for a purpose and meaning when facing the challenges in ever revolving world. He also conveyed they are searching for principles and philosophies that make a difference. According to Mr. Blanchard the answer lies within the utilization of the Servant Leadership. Overall his message was one of encouragement advising leaders that the bottom line to successful leadership is to lead people to the next level by being a servant. Mr. Covey’s Insights on Leadership commented in his Forward outlining the competitive importance of servant leadership as it relates to the empowerment of employees. He communicated that the human nature of people drives all of us to look at our current circumstances and rise above them. Tapping into the Servant Leadership methodlogy, Mr. Covey believes that leaders can opened up a whole new world regarding employee motivation. Not only are authors finding that the servant leadership is uplifting so does some organizations who are applying the workforce such as TDIndustries, The Schneider Corporation and Schmidt Associates to name a few. Providing service to others is rewarding in itself and does not require a materialistic reward. The ultimate objective to be achieved from this methodology of leading is to get results. We find in many organizations an abuse of leader powers by looking at what their direct reports can do for them in service instead of displaying true leadership and asking the question how can I serve you as a leader. In a biblical context Jesus exemplified a servant mentality in his daily walk among the people with an attitude of â€Å"not to be served, but to serve. Highly effective leaders navigate change, deliver results and create the future. Even in the world of religion, we find leaders working on the system and doing the right things utilizing the philosophy of serving and embracing the Servant Leadership concept in their beliefs. One example is Sikhism which is a distinct religion that began in India in the late 1400’s with no ties to Hinduism or Islam. With at least 26 million followers worldwide, Sikhism is listed as the 5th largest religion in the world and has over a million followers in North America (Sikhism Beliefs). Their four basic principles for living a good life and leaving the life cycle include mediation, work, charity donations, and service humanity and to God (Sikhism Beliefs). According to Guru Granth Sahib Ji which is the Sikhism book of worship, â€Å"Without selfless service are no objectives fulfilled; in service lies the purest action† (World Scriptures). Greenleaf indicates that the best test to determine your service would be to assess people whom you have served in leadership and if there is evidence of their growth. Evaluate if the employees while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more independent, and leadership style of serving. (Greenfield, 1977, p. 7) There is a paradigm shift in the business world as well as not-for-profit organizations. They are shifting from the more hierarchy models of leadership and moving to the servant leadership as they learn the importance of having a relationship with employees and workers. One of the attributes of servant leadership is that it seeks to involve others in decision making, while displaying a strong ethical and caring behavior. (Greenfield, 1977). The best example of this that clearly comes to my mind is the leadership team at my church and the influential leadership style of my Pastor. He would be the first to tell you, it was not easy for him to operate in a â€Å"servant leadership† style. He did not initially empower his leadership team creating opportunities for them to release their creativity, talent, ability and potential. Once he begin to realize that working with us and sharing the vision – as a team we could move together to accomplish the goals of the ministry. Taking into consideration the ten characteristics of Greenfield’s Servant Leadership, I personally can see how my Pastor with or without knowledge of them but were vital to his development of servant-leader. Being an effective leader it is vital that in your role you are creating a vision that connects you with your direct reports as well as your customer. Realizing who is important to you as a leader and what matters the most. Knowing your purpose and how will you act toward one another regardless of your status. It is important as a leader build trust with others – living and leading by principles. Servant Leadership enhances the growth of workers while improving the caring and quality of organization life (Greenfield, 1977). References Blanchard, K (2002) Focus on Leadership: Servant Leadership for the 21st Century.

Traceability Issues in Food Supply Chain Management A review

Question: Describe about the Traceability issues in food supply chain management? Answer: Total Quality Management It is very important for the management as well as the employees of the organization to be committed to improvement in the quality of service that is provided to the customers. Total Quality management (TQM) doesnt mean improvement in the quality of service provided to the customer only; it talks about quality in all the possible aspects of business. AA limited should start with an analysis of what is present currently in the organization. The management should understand the services that they are delivering and the expectations that the client may be having. The time required for the equipment to reach the client place would be 3 hours from the time, the client informs the company. There are various ways by which the time limit can be reduced so it is the responsibility of the management to plan for activities that will help the organization to reduce the transmit time. Due to the transmit time, there are high possibilities that the customer will opt for some other service provider rather than that of AA limited. Rather than anything else, TQM is an attitude. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that this attitude in embedded in the employees. The management should have meetings and trainings to the employees so that they can understand the importance of reduction in transit time and then they can plan accordingly to reduce the time. The employees should also be motivated to give suggestions so that every person in the organization is committed to improvement. AA Limited can use various tools like SPC (Statistical Process control) or TOPS (Team oriented problem solving). The management can have special teams in place so that they can use the statistical tools to understand the reduction in transit time. This will help the management to take real time decisions rather than that of being dependent on random number which may not be accurate (Lee 2002). AA limited should try to reduce the transmit time from 3 hours to 2.30 hours and then it should look for continuous improvement. An excellence team should be formed in the organization and it would be the responsibility of the excellence team to note that the transmit time is reduced continuously so that the organization can improve continuously rather than that of stagnant. The management of AA limited should meet up with the customer and understand their requirements. The management may think that they are doing their best but there are very high possibilities that the customers expectations would be different than what organization is doing. With implementation of various TQM strategies, the cost of production will also reduce so this will ultimately be beneficial for the customer. This cost reduction is one of the best ways by which the customer would stay back with the organization for longer. At all point of time, the management of the organization should remember that they shouldnt compromise on the quality that they are offering to the customers. In case of compromise in quality, the customers may opt for some other service provider and this will be risky for the business (Lamberti 2012). Quality improvement tools Various quality improvement tools can be used by AA limited so that they can ensure that they are providing the best possible quality to their customers. Few of the quality improvement tools which will be considered to be suitable for the organization are discussed below. Plan-do-study-act tool should be implemented so that the quality of service provided by the organization can be improved. With the help of this tool, the management can plan the activities that will have to be undertaken for the betterment of the organization. The plan will be implemented so that the benefits can be enjoyed by the clients. There are very high chances that the plan will be successful at the first shot and hence, the management will have to study the plan that has been implemented so that they can understand the various areas that requires improvement. Accordingly, changes in the plan will be done and it will be implemented again so that the desired results can be achieved (Sharma 2011). Secondly, Six Sigma can also be implemented in the organization so that the quality of the service can be improved. With the help of Six Sigma, the management can reduce or eliminate the wastage and hence, efficiency in the process will automatically improve. First and foremost, the management should define on areas where they are willing to improve. AA limited should reduce the transmit time and also the maintenance time. Next will be measurement wherein the management will get the exact numbers. The management will study the current transit time and also the time for maintenance. The management will analyze the complete transit and maintenance process so that they can understand the areas which require improvement. Finally, the management will look for ways so that the improvement can be implemented. Once the improvement plan is implemented, the management will ensure that there is no deviation from the plan so that best of results can be achieved. Lastly, root cause analysis strategy can be implemented so that the management can understand the various reasons due to which delay in transit is taking place. Accordingly, the management will come up with solutions so that customer satisfaction is given more importance than that of anything else. The management will continuously analyze the process that needs improvement so that various solutions can be implemented for better results (Kannan 2011). ISO 9001 standards For implementation of ISO 9001 standards, the management of AA will have to follow to rules and procedures so that the standards of ISO 9001 can be implemented in the organization. Few of the requirements that the management needs to implement so that they can organization can follow ISO 9001 standards are discussed below. Quality manual will have to be introduced in the organization. The quality manual will describe the various quality standards that need to be adhered by everyone in the organization. Detailed description of the quality process should be used present in the organization so that the employees can also be aware of what needs to be followed in the organization so that quality standards can be maintained. Quality documents that are publicized by AA limited cannot be issued without any prior approval. It is the responsibility of the management to ensure that all the required are taken in advance before the document is rolled out to employees, clients and also the other parties which are associated with the organization (Rakheja 2013). All the records in the organization should be maintained and disposed appropriately. All the documents should be safeguarded so that the management can be rest assured that the confidentiality of the data can be maintained. The storage of records should be planned in such a way that it is accessible only to the right set of people. On the other end, retrieval should also be easy. The management should be committed to achieve the quality standards and hence, they should conduct management reviews at regular intervals. If management reviews are conducted at regular intervals, the excellence team will ensure that they adhere to the quality policies that they need to follow. In case of ignorance by the management, the excellence team will be ignorant about the quality and hence, the organization will not be able to achieve the quality. All the quality policies in the organization should implemented to achieve better customer satisfaction. The management can look for areas where in the customers are dissatisfied and then accordingly, quality policy should be planned and implemented. A quality planning system can be implemented in the organization so that the management can easily understand the expectations that the customer has (Gupta 2013). Environmental aspects The management of AA limited will have to consider various aspects of business so that they can reduce the businesss impact on the environment. Today, every business will have to reduce their impact on the environment so that they can survive. Few of the various ways by which AA limited can reduce the impact on the environment are discussed below. Every employee in the organization will have to contribute so that the organization can reduce their impact on the environment. The printing of invoices should be avoided so that paper can be saved. All the computers at AA limited should be programmed in such a way that they will automatically go to sleep mode. This will help the organization to save electricity. The number of employees who are working from office for AA limited is very less and hence, the management can allow the employees to work from home. This option is considered to be the best as the usage of the companys resource will be reduced to a great extent (Mellat-Parast 2013). AA limited should try and understand the best transmit route to reach the client location. This is one of the best ways by which the fuel can be saved. In fact, it is the responsibility of the management to buy vehicles that consume less fuel than that of the existing vehicles. The management should also ensure that the vehicles are sending out for maintenance at regular intervals. This will help the vehicles to operate in a fuel efficient manner. AA limited should ensure that their vehicles stoppage place is close to the clients place. This will help the management to reduce the usage of fuel. The management of AA limited should understand that the efforts that they are putting to save the environment will be beneficial to them as well. Saving fuel will save money for the organization and hence, the employees in the organization should be motivated to look for ways by which they can do their good to the environment (Douglas 2005). Environmental management programs Various environmental management programs should be implemented at AA limited so that the organization doesnt cause any harm to the environment. Few of the environmental management programs that can be implemented for the betterment of the organization are discussed below. Awareness program at regular intervals so that the management can be rest assured that all the employees in the organization are aware of the programs that are prevalent in the organization. All the employees in the organization should be trained regarding the various environmental policies that are prevalent in the organization. This will allow the employees to adhere to the existing policies in the company (Stein 2011). The drivers at AA limited should be trained to choose the shortest possible route. The shortest route may seem to be difficult to choose so they can be provided with a GPS system. They should be trained to use the GPS system even the new drivers can use the GPS system. The supply chain management of AA limited should be designed in such a way that the organization can save electricity, fuel and other things that can create an impact on the environment (Dabbene 2014). References Dabbene, F, 2014, Traceability issues in food supply chain management: A review, Bio-systems engineering, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 65-80 Douglas, L, 2005, Issues in supply chain management, Industrial marketing management, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 65-83 Gupta, V, 2013, Supply chain management, Journal of management research, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 76-97 Kannan, G, 2011, Environmental supply chain management, Resources, conversation recycling, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 557-558 Lamberti, M, 2012, Global Supply Chain Management, Applied clinical trials, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 36-42 Lee, Y, 2002, A focused issue on supply chain management, Computer and industrial engineering, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 1-3 Mellat-Parast, M, 2013, Supply chain quality management: An inter-organizational learning perspective, International journal of quality and reliability management, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 511-529 Rakheja, R, 2013, Analysing the Risk Issues in Supply Chain Management by Using AHP Methodology, International journal of Innovative technology and exploring engineering, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 129-131 Sharma, M, 2011, Supply chain management, Abhigyan, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 65 Stein, W, 2011, Robust supply chain management, International journal of production economics, vol. 134, no. 2, pp. 283