Hod 1000 Mid-Term Study Guide

HOD 1000 Midterm Study Guide 2. 28. 12 Tips 1 go jaw 2 Know how they are applic fitted 3 Know Lemme 4 Take the test carefully 50 multiple choice questions a. Underline the important row like i. All, nothing or N unrivaledLemme * Look for simulations on spring upment * Models for Understanding growth * Trait Model * Be aware of what the 5 traits mean * receptiveness and Agreeableness ego & identity element 3 things determine splendor of Memories 1 Frequency a How often something occurs 2 Duration 3 effectiveness Internal working ModelThe internal fixing model is how we debate/what we believe near ourselves, others and the man. It influences what we expect of and from ourselves, others and the world in general and directs how we serve. It begins to take a crap as soon as we are born and is base on experiences with others and the outcomes of our efforts. An infant that experiences frequent ab uptake or neglect derriere develop a negative internal live oning model that says no one cares about me, I am unlovable, populate who are suppose to be intimate me only hurt or reject me, it doesnt matter what I do or say it is ineffective or not nifty enough, I ant trust peck as one time they are tenuous and the next time they are mean. etc. If this model of ego, others and the world and how things work is not corrected the result may be a child or adult that has low egoism, is overly dependent or independent, overreacts to situations, sabotages relationships, jobs and/successes, gives up easily, etc. Or an infant that receives consistent, responsive, attuned nurturing from his/her caregivers is most likely to develop a positive internal working model. SocioCultural Current Beliefs Goals Strategies Life find a go at it (affects them all)Beliefs In I. Self * inventions * What you think of your ego as a undivided * qualification * Confidence in what you do * Esteem * How you feel about yourself, as in self-worth * The more esteem you h alt, the more competency you throw off * not true, typically in the African-American population based on contrast * Strong in-group/out-group bias can contribute to low self- strength II. Others 3 Domains 1 All masses 2 Groups of People 3 Specific Individuals III. world 1 overall Views 2 Explanation of outcomes 3 Making common reek of the world, making generate and effect relationships Goals 4 Domains Physical Well-Being a Desire for safety, comfort and pleasure 2 Personal Competence b Desire for significance and success 3 relational Closeness c Desire for friendship, love, and acceptance 4 Self-Transcendence d Desire for meaning and a lasting contribution to the world, or whatever you deem necessary e Mitch Albom (Tuesdays with Morrie) is missing the Self-Transcendence Strategies 4 domains 1 Affect Regulation a contend with foreboding, emotions 2 Intersomebodyal Skills b active listening, etc 3 Problem resolving 4 Task Management Schema * This is how you organize data in the world 2 government agencys of using that information 1 socialization a Putting the new information into already-existing categories b Always estimate to assimilate over accommodate 2 Accommodation c When you behave to change your synopsis to fit the new information * Equilibration is * A hotshot of cognitive harmony or balance * People desire this, to act as (or keep) their system in order. If not * Disequilibration results * The major impetus for cognitive teaching info inconsistent with our existing worldview disrupts equilibration, placing us in an unpleasant cognitive state (conflict, dissonance, inconsistency)Cognitive Functioning Self-Concepts * Closure * Permanence * Once you figure something out, you watch that way. * Urgency (associated with Permanence) Bio-Psycho-Social-Spiritual Dimensions of Goals MEMORIZE IT Needs Desires maintenances Physical Well-Being Safety & security system Health, comfort, pleasure Death, pain, suffering Personal Competence Est eem Power, success, accomplishments Helplessness, inadequacy, failure Relational Closeness Belonging Friendship, love, intimacy Rejection, engulfment Self-Transcendence Purpose Generativity, service, God Hopelessness, meaninglessnessFrom Lemme par for Self-Esteem Self-Esteem = Self Concept / Ideal Self variety between Reliability and validity (pg. 13) Reliablity * Consistency or stability over time * Will the results obtained be consistent if the study is acquiree again, or are they influence by some fluctuating factor, such that we cannot descend at the same findings in all similar situations? * Problems with reliability must(prenominal) be resolved in order to have confidence in findings Validity * The degree to which your essayal results can be applied to impertinent population Terms that connect at one time to things in lecture * flavour Glass Self * Take others perceptions of you to formulate your own self concept Generalized Other (p 78) * We begin to take the perspe ctive of society and its set and expectations in judging ourselves * staple fibreally, incorporating societal standards into our sense of self Eriksons 8 Stages of teaching 1 Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1) 2 Autonomy vs. disbelieve (1-3) 3 Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) 4 Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11) 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-20) Related to ones lading to occupation, religious beliefs and political ideology and whether or not those consignments have been do after a period of exploration or crisis b throng Marcia added the domains of gender-role attitudes and beliefs about sexual expression 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation (20-40) c Developing capacity for close intimate relationships without losing ones sense of self d Dependent on the existence of a substantiality identity (previous stage) e In not resolved, leads to loneliness and isolation 7 Generativity vs. Self-Absorption (40-65) A concern for future generations and society as a whole g Mid life-time transition h Psychological origins are in adolescence and youthful adulthood i Periodic longing for meaning and purpose that is external focused and which occurs throughout adolescence and adulthood 8 Integrity vs. Despair (65+) j Integrity refers to the ability to look back over life with atonement and little or no regrets i Acceptance of demise ii Saying goodbye to loved ones iii Finishing the washing with dignity k Despair include whileterness and regret over life There is a sense of fear and despair as one approaches m 4 types of Generativity Articles * Why the Self is Empty * What does Media/advertizing suggest stack use to fill up their empty self? Consumption of material goods Psychotherapy * appear Adulthood * Extending Education * unification Late * Incr take overd Life Expectancy The disregarded Half Who comprises the Forgotten Half? Coherent Life 1. Meaningful a. Goal domain Self Transcendence b. Strategies Increase Generativity (from Eriksons 8 stages) 2. Comprehensible 3. Manageable I. Identity Development LectureCritical Models to Understand Alternatives 1. Bronfenbrenners Systems Theory a. In the Middle you have you, then the MicroSystem (tend to be Dyadic) next Meso, interaction between the domains (the way work surround affects your home environment, visa versa) then, EXOsystem (things that influence your microsystems capacity not have direct influence though) Lastly, MACROsystem Society, how it has scripts, norms, blueprints for how things should go 2. Levinson b. Know what the major stages are and their rove c. Although, exact age questions will in all likelihood not be in the exam d. entert spend too much time, initially, on this 3. Marsha e. airingno commission, no crisis, not acknowledging a problem f. Fore mop upcomittment, but not crisisyouve taken a value someplace else. This is the way things are. An uncritical acceptance of a value or belief. g. Moratoriumcrisis, no commitment. Youre evaluating beliefs and values you have. If you want to ke ep them or find others. Achievementcommitment and crisis. You can be critical of beliefs goals and values without it affecting your identity h. 2 Forces acting on you are i. Crisis ii. Commitment . Understand the characteristics of concourse in each of those stages be able to place a described person into one of those stages and know how you can prod them 4. Eriksons 8 Stages of Development i. passim a lifetime, each person moves through the 8 stages j. endeavour from one to another is based on a crisis or a conflict k. If not, you get stuck in that stage and cant move on l. Arguments against it iii. Its generalized m. Attachment Styles iv. n.Stress toys out one of these two undesirable qualities v. Securely Attached- brawny relationships, trust people but not unworldly about it vi. Differentiated 5. TRAIT Model p 67 o. Know what traits are broadly about p. Collectivism v. Individualism vii. Collectivism-Little individual thought, for the good of the group and not necessar ily for the good of the person. Chinese Society viii. Individualism-Individualist Society. American Society ix. Fits into the MACROsystem section of Systems Theory Emerging AdulthoodDetached/AvoidantDifferentiated/Secure mild/Anxious-Ambiv. Family Systems Lecture 1. Life Forces a. Differentiation Begin independent, making yourself different from people around you b. Togetherness Fitting in v. Standing Out c. Pseudo Self-Extremes Detached, spread d. A solidification of significance of close and family relationships 2. Family Roles (Chart with lecture notes is great ) e. Hero, First-Born Fear of failure over-controlled f. Scapegoat, 2nd Born Fear of rejection, shame, Wants to stand out from oldest, work to lean to the avoidant side of the scale g.Lost Child-Middle child syndrome, Unable to express feelings, attestant the battle between siblings and parents, Introverted h. Mascot Youngest, Hides pain with whim, immature, feels inadequate, Instead of withdrawing from tension, they t ry to ease it with humor, More anxious incertain 3. Influences on Family System i. Direct Parents call up at you j. Indirect Watching parents yell at sibling k. multiplicative inverse The way you affect your parents influence never goes one way i. As youre being yelled at by your parents, the way you respond impacts your parents 2 Types of Anxiety . Chronic Ongoing, Nagging feeling that something will go ill-treat or that youre just wrong in general, Produced in family systems with a lot of conflict, Pushes you to either be fused or avoidant 2. crafty Limited normal, Will disappear with the not-so-serious situation, Ways to Bind Anxiety 1. Healthy Exercising, talking to someone, using reflective accomplishments 2. colicky Eating disorders, physical manifestations of symptoms (headaches, ache aches) Highly Differentiated People Secure, self-directed, Responsible for selfWhat is a Triangle Basic way to look at a relationship is a gallus but when instability occurs, theres a tendency to bring in a 3rd party. Using them, directly, to diffuse the problem is a bad thing Ways to De-Triangle 1. Emotionally Neutral, Supportive, Active Listening, Facilitating Problem Solving, encouragement a. Worse thing to do Oh, let me talk to them FOR you. 2. Active Listening, Paraphrasing, reprize some of their claims back to them to help them understand, Probing, Asking questions to do a bit more door opening Cognitive DistortionsCheck Bainey for Listening Skill Clusters Barriers to Active Listening HOD 1000 Review Session * Memorization and application * Achieved in their identity vs. centrally attached * How to apply the lecture material * Dont spend too much time on agism * Model for understanding development is more importanttrait model * 50 MCQ * Look out for not * Underline important words all, nothing, not * If talking about mom, maybe it has to do with attachment * bunco 5 traits what they refer to. What does openness mean?Dont acquire to know all 7 measur ements of openness. Whats the difference between consonant and openness? First 3 lectures, questions * Self and Identity * The Internal Working Model * Socio-cultural * Current beliefs, goals, strategiesactions=Life Experience * Past experiences-3 things determine importance * Frequency * Duration * Intensity * They determine how much previous experiences have a bearing on goals, beliefs, strategies. Beliefs=self, others and the world * Self concept, might, esteem Concept what you think of yourself as a whole, esteem how you feel about yourself/self-worth, efficacy is confidence in what you can do * More esteem, more efficacy you have except in the African-American populationdue to discrimination * Strong in group-out group bias, you can develop high self-worth inside group, but negative stereotypes in environment and their impact on opportunities affects efficacy * Others people in general, groups of people, individuals * World overall view, explanation of outcomes (making sense of the world, cause and effect relationships, predicting/avoiding events) * Goals=physical well-being, personal competence, relational closeness, self-transcendence. Mitch is missing self-transcendence * Strategies=affect regulations (dealing with emotions), interpersonal skills, problem-solving, task management * Schema * Thats how you organize knowledge about the world. You have to put all the knowledge youve taken in * enculturation and accommodation AssimilationPutting new info into existing categories * People prefer this/to keep things way they are. Equilibrium * Cognitive dissonancethings applyt fit togetherdesire equilibration and order * Accomchange your schema * Self-Concept page 82 Out of cognitive function people set about closure, permanence, and urgency * Know the 4 goal domainsneeds, desires, fears related to them (physical well-being, bio, pscyho something) * Equation for self-esteem=self-concept/ideal self * Difference between reliability and validity p. 13 * Loo king glass self and generalized other they connect directly to stuff in the lecture * Re-read the empty self People use media, advertising, etc to fill up the empty self, psychotherapy, goods * A coherent life meaningful, comprehensible, and pliable * Strategies to conduct a meaningful life generativty vs. self-absorption (Erikson) * Reflection, comprehensible (can you understand world around you in a way theres peace) Lecture 2 Identity Development * Bronfrenbrenner * You in the middle surrounded by microsystem of didactic relationships (any people you interact with on a day-to-day aim directly) * Outside of this is mesointeraction between different domains. Way you work environment affects home environment. Microsystems are interacting.Noisy waymatecranky in class * Exo systemthings that influence your microsystemsmight not have direct interaction with. CEO and mail room person. * Macro systemsociety has blueprints * Levinsonknow the major stages and its order * improbable itll be age, but who knows * Marsha 2 forces acting on you are crisis and commitment * Understand the characteristics of people hereif you were given a person as example know how to place them * Foreclosuremoratorium. A big event could repugn their beliefs and they havent resolved it yet * Need to be able to move between models * Eriksons 8 stages of development p. 48 Lemme Throughout life, each person moves through stages * Movement from one to another is based on a crisis or conflict * If you dont, you get stuck and cant move on * Critiques its generalized, theres no general frame for development * Attachment styles The strange situation experiment * Avoidantsecure-anxious ambivalent * Stress brings out one of these two undesirable characteristics * Securely attachedhealthy relationships/balance, differentiated * Avoidant=detached, secure=differentiated, anxious ambivalent=fused * P. 67 trait modelknow what traits are generally about * Collectivism vs. individualism * Operates in the macro system Emerging adulthoodwhy is adulthood emerging later in people now? * Extended education, marriage later, increased life expectancy, etc. * The forgotten halfwho are they? Why are they left, what are the implications * No evocation word for his momalways been that way means its probably a trait Lecture 3 Family Systems * What are the two life forces operating? Differentiation and togetherness * Differentiationbeing independent, making yourself different from people around you * Togethernessfitting in vs. standing out * Pseudo self=extremes. Detached, fused * A lot of significance of close and family relationships * 4 family roles whizz, pecker goat, lost child, mascot Lost childquiet, observant, inwardly focused, sees battle between hero and scapegoat. Goes into it but doesnt get involved. * Mascotinstead of withdrawing, they try to ease it with humorprobs more anxious * See lecture notes * 3 kinds of influencedirect, indirect, and reciprocal * Parents yell at you, watc hing them yell at your siblings, as youre being yelled at the way you respond impacts your parents * 2 types of anxietychronic and acute * Chronic anxiety produced in systems with a lot of conflict and that pushes you to be fused or detached * Cognitive distortions Over gen, mind reading, all or nothing * Binding techniques for anxiety Unhealthyalcohol, drugs, cutting, eating disorders, headaches/stomach aches, ways you respond to anxiety * Healthyexercising, talking about it, reflecting, taking a nap, * List of things that highly differentiated people are in the lecture notes * Need to know them * Triangle * ii people have a conflict and go to a ternary person to diffuse tension * Instability in that relationbringing someone else in to use them directly is unhealthy * 5 components of DE triangulating * Emotional neutralitydont take sides * Being supportive * Active listening * Facilitating problem-solving * hikeresolve within the dyad * let me talk to them for you NO wrong meh * Paraphrasing and probingrepeating back what was said and asking questions * Baney listening skill clusters and barriers to active listeningJesse never calls home doesnt want to explain set afraid of disappointing them * Both chronic and acute * Which of these is not a way ppl try to bind anxietyusing drugs, over studying, reprieve out with friends, alcohol,, none of the supra, b and c * Answer was none of the above Ladder of inference Race and ethnicitydifference in way Martias identity status is organized Healthy outcome for achievement of minoritybicultural achievementlearning to adapt to different situations as a preventative measure. Others should embrace equality and differences. Diffusion and foreclosuremoratoriumachievement Categorization and identification * Automatic, based on stereotypes, includes a prototype