Osama bin Laden Essay Example for Free

Osama bin Laden Essay The world is now at a turning point in its history and the reason for this is the man behind the Al-Qaeda terrorist network. Osama Bin Laden’s connections and wealth have made it possible for him to elude U. S. authorities. He has no problem recruiting men, for many Muslims in the Middle East have a hatred of America. Bin Laden has been able to organize an extremist group and they have been strike fear into the free, democratic world. Osama Bin Laden is a man in position of power and he has used it to Reign terror on the United States. In this regard, the paper will try to discuss and analyze different aspects of Osama bin Laden’s life, which is one of the foremost most wanted lives of this planet. On March 10, 1957, Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden was born in an Arab Muslim family in Saudi Arabia. Jihadist organization, Al-Qaeda was founded by this Islamic militant, which is considered one of the deadliest terrorist networks on this planet. Prince, Abu Abdullah, the Lion Sheikh, Imam Mehdi, and Samaritan are some of the nicknames of Osama bin Laden. A number of Islamic militant groups have been connected with the life of Osama bin Laden, who is involved in the issuance of different fatwa (religious strict opinions), which have resulted in the killing of thousands of civilians, and especially, the military of the United States and its allies. In addition, Osama bin Laden has assured military resistance in response to the military activities in Muslim countries. A number of times, the federal court of the United States have indicted his involvement in different terrorist attacks, especially the embassy bombings in the cities of Dar-es-Salam and Nairobi in the year 1998, which killed many civilians and officials. Moreover, list of the ten most wanted fugitives issued by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation has the name of Osama bin Laden on top of the list. Although the attacks of September 11, 2001 have not been included with the accusations on Osama bin Laden, various videos are issued by Laden himself in which, he accepted the responsibility of these attacks in a victorious manner. The attacks of September 11 included a series of different criminal activities, such as hijacking of different airlines like Flight 93, Flight 175, Flight 11, and Flight 77 of the American Airlines, as well as, destruction of the World Trade Center in New York City, which killed thousands of American people. Furthermore, the Pentagon was severely damaged in the similar series of attacks that were planned by the Al-Qaeda, and so, by its mastermind, Osama bin Laden. Childhood Until now, the paper has described some of the characteristics of Osama bin Laden in an introductory manner. Now, the paper will discuss some of the perspectives of personal life of Osama bin Laden. Riyadh city of Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Osama bin Laden, as already described in the introductory section of the paper. According to a television interview of Al-Jazeera in the year 1998, March 10, 1957 was the given birth date of this militant leader. Saudi royal family has close ties with wealthy father cum businessperson of Osama bin Laden, the late Muhammad Awad bin Laden. Until the World War I, Osama’s father was a poor and uneducated individual who immigrated to Saudi Arabia for the purpose of employment. In the year 1930, Muhammad bin Laden started his building related business that resulted in an unlimited fortune during the 1950s. Different experts have provided different number of children of Muhammad bin Laden, as he had fifty children by some resources, and fifty-five by others. Osama was seventeenth son of Muhammad bin Laden according to a number of accounts. Shariah law was followed by Osama’s father, as he was only married to four women at a single time; however, was married twenty-two times. Different sources reported of Osama being the only son of tenth wife of Muhammad bin Laden. According to one of the senior editors of Al-Madina newspaper, Khaled M. Batarfi, Osama’s parents got divorced after his birth in Saudi Arabia. Education Teachings of a devout Sunni Muslim were given to Osama bin Laden. Al-Thager Model School was his first platform for acquiring secular education from the year 1968 to the year 1976, which was considered one of the elite schools of the region. In the 1960s, exiled teachers from different Muslim countries were welcomed by King Faisal, in order to attain a considerable number of Muslim teachers in the schools and universities of Saudi Arabia. During that period, various Islamic study groups were attended by Osama bin Laden that provided different political teachings to him. The Management and Economics School of King Abdul-Aziz University provided the education of economics and business administration to Osama bin Laden in Jeddah city. It is suggested by some reports that degree in civil engineering was attained by bin Laden in the year 1979, as well as, a degree in public administration in the year 1981. On the other hand, he is reported as a dropout student from the university by some other reports. A number of journalists reported that interpretation of Quran and Jihad was one of the most interesting subjects of bin Laden at the university level, where he was greatly involved in the study of religion. Furthermore, he contributed a lot in various charitable campaigns. Marriages and Children In the year 1974, Osama bin Laden married his first cousin, Najwa Ghanem for the first time at the age of seventeen in northwestern part of Syria. Four other women married Osama bin Laden; however, two got divorces from bin Laden. One of his wives is a university lecturer in Saudi Arabia. Her wife is also involved in providing teachings to the children of Sudanese Royal family. All the other wives were also lecturers at the university level, and therefore, he was the person that accepted education of Muslim girls, which is a matter of criticizing bin Laden by different bodies. According to his close friends, the Word of God was the only reason for his marriage, as he was not interested in marriage at all. According to different sources, Osama bin Laden is father of approximately twenty to twenty-four children. In January 2001, Osama arranged the marriage ceremony of one of his sons, Muhammad bin Osama bin Laden with the daughter of Muhammad Atef, former military chief of Al-Qaeda at the age of eighteen in the Kandahar city of Afghanistan. Personality No matter most of the nations criticized Osama bin Laden’s policies, it should be accepted that honesty is one of the major characteristics of bin Laden in terms of his beliefs. Honesty has been one of the major factors of successful accomplishments of bin Laden even after criticism and opposition of some of the major nations of the globe. According to his closest men, he is one of the most loyal individuals in his region, which has provided him high reputation amongst his members. Osama has some principles, which has provided a mechanical platform for his charismatic and ascetic life. It is suggested by some commentators that he now has an influential position in different parts of the world, which has revolutionize from his humble appearance until the 1990s. Until the 1990s, he used to wear simple clothing while addressing his followers. However, his later videos and interviews show a more decorated clothing style during his addresses that showed his significant personality. After the responses of United States and its allies, he is taking more precautions in terms of his safety, as compared with the circumstances before the 9/11 attacks. Assets Originally, Osama bin Laden has inherited most of the properties from his father; however, his investments provided high profits to him successfully. In Sudan, his businesses were very successful that generated profits of millions of dollars. Due to his terrorist profile, figures of his properties and assets are not good enough, and organizations have only guessed different figures. Approximately, three hundred million dollars of assets are guessed by different bodies. Osama bin Laden owns a number of companies, such as Hijra Construction and Development, which is owned in the coordination with military of Sudan, as well as, the National Islamic Front. Taba Investment Company and Shamal Islamic Bank are considered some of the major economic activities of Osama bin Laden that have contributed greatly to his assets. Some of the countries having his companies are Sudan, Syria, etc; whereas, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Somalia have his foreign accounts that are utilized for the distribution of required financial resources for different terrorist activities around the globe. Shariah Restoration of Shariah law is one of the most important objectives of Osama bin Laden like various other Islamists and Jihadist fundamentalists around the globe. Shariah law is considered the major factor of setting things right in various Muslim countries of the world. The circumstances were very dignified and happy during the revelation period of Prophet Muhammad, and even after some years of His death. However, the situation became worse when the Shariah law was not followed by Muslims. Until the late 2001, Afghanistan was the only Islamic country with the implementation of Shariah law in the Muslim world, as believed by Osama bin Laden. In this regard, most of his terrorist activities are based on the opposition of countries that have not implemented the Shariah law. Jihad Sometimes, public statements of Osama bin Laden have shown a proper planned system for the implementation of his ideologies and beliefs, and a number of experts considered it as a political system. In the month of January 2004, Muslim countries were requested to establish underground ruling councils for the religious Islamic leaders for the welfare of people and nobles in the Muslim countries. Moreover, easy access to light weapons, ant anti-tank mines was also preferred, in order to defend raids from the Western countries according to the Al-Qaeda leader. Need of jihad for the defending of rights of Muslims in different countries is always one of the foremost matters of discussion in most of the video messages and letters of Osama bin Laden. The United States has always been warned for its injustices against Muslims in the Muslim, as well as, non-Muslim countries by bin Laden. In this regard, Osama bin Laden refer jihad as a war of defense for the accomplishment of Shariah law in the Muslim countries, and for the elimination of Western forces from these countries. For instance, withdrawal of United States from different Muslim regions, especially, the Middle East is one of the significant concerns of Osama bin Laden. At occasional times, immoral acts of Americans like usury, fornication, gambling, and homosexuality are considered as some of the factors of immorality in the Western countries, which should be eliminated through the process of Jihad by the Muslims. Civilians According to the philosophy of Osama bin Laden, deliberate killing of civilians might be the only option in jihad. In the year 1998, Osama bin Laden said that men and women are differentiated by fighting jihad, which helps in the formation of a proper religious society of Muslim civilians. However, in the year 2000, one of his interviews explained that killing of children was allowed in Islam, but only in vengeance, which is not true according to Islamic scriptures. During the same interview, the interviewer asked about the killing of Muslims in September 11 attacks, and Osama told him that the land of infidels should be the permanent place of living for the Muslims; however, Muslim killings were deemed as collateral by Osama bin Laden. Shia Muslims, Christians, and Jews Profoundly, Osama bin Laden is very anti-Semitic, and a number of Jewish conspiracies are included in the warnings of Al-Qaeda leader in his different interviews and messages. According to him, treachery and usury are some of the major characteristics of Jews, and Muslims are advised to stay away from them in this world, as well as, in other world too. In some of the other interviews, Christians’ activities were condemned clearly by bin Laden. According to Osama bin Laden, it should be the belief or every Muslim to hate Jews, Christians, and particularly, Americans. Shia Muslims are never referred in the interviews and videos of Osama bin Laden. However, attempts of Shia Muslim leader, Hassan al-Turabi are disapproved by bin Laden. According to different experts, Shia Muslims are referred along with Americans and Jews in different ideology classes of Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. At the same time, Al-Qaeda is found to be working with Shia Muslims in different countries. Furthermore, Hezbollah, the Shia terrorist organization has close ties with Al-Qaeda according to a number of resources. It is said that Hezbollah is responsible for providing training and advice to Al-Qaeda members. Techniques of suicide bombing are borrowed from Hezbollah by Osama bin Laden. However, such relationship has no long-term future, as the supporters of bin Laden in Saudi Arabia cannot be alienated by bin Laden by creating friendly ties with the Shia Muslims. Jihad in Afghanistan During the late 1970s, Muslim guerrillas were fighting against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, which attracted the ideology of Bin Laden, and the Afghan mujahideen were supported by the immense wealth and connections of Osama bin Laden. Different sources reported that direct resistance on the Afghan frontier was provided by Abdullah Azzam, one of the teachers of Osama. This teacher was resided in the Peshawar city of Pakistan, which is approximately fifteen kilometers away from the Khyber Pass, which connects the Hindukush range, and so, Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden chose this route to insert major resistance for the Soviet forces. In the year 1979, Osama bin laden left college and joined the fight against the Soviet Union, and resided in Peshawar. During his stay in Peshawar, he was advised by his teacher to utilize his wealth for the training of militants in Afghanistan. In the 1980s, the University Town in Peshawar was the major residential avenue from the Al-Qaeda leader. Particularly, Arab mosque at Gulshan Iqbal Road, Peshawar was utilized as a jihad centre by Osama bin laden, and his teacher, Abdullah Azzam. By the year 1984, Maktab-al-Khadamat (Office of Order) was formed with the support of Saudi Arabian supporters by Osama bin Laden with the help of Abdullah Azzam. The establishment of MAK resulted in the proper distribution of arms, finances, and militants in different Arab countries. Jihadi militants’ expenses, air tickets, accommodation, and paperwork were financed by the inherited fortune of Osama bin Laden. Reports have shown proofs of setting up of a network of couriers by Osama bin Laden, which worked near Afghanistan and Peshawar under the banner of MAK. According to Rahimullah Yusufzai, this network was active until 2001, before the attack of United States and its allies. During this time, Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri met Osama bin Laden, who worked as a collaborator for Al-Qaeda, and particularly, Osama bin Laden.

Weakness in Molieres Tartuffe :: Tartuffe Essays

Weakness in Tartuffe      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The play "Tartuffe", by Moliere, is a work that was created to show people a flaw in their human nature. There are two characters who portray the main flaw presented in the play. Both Madame Pernelle and Orgon are blinded to the farces of Tartuffe and must be coaxed into believing the truth. The fact that Orgon and Madame Pernelle are too weak to see the truth is an important theme of the play. The most obvious weakness shared between Orgon and Madame Pernelle is gullibility. The trait of gullibility can be seen as a family trait as suggested in an essay on "Tartuffe" : "His mother shares his capacity for self-delusion even after Tartuffe has been found out ("We cannot always judge by what we see")" (Weals). Orgon believes because Tartuffe claims to be a man of God he should put everything he has into Tartuffe's hands. He proves how much he believes this after Damis tells him that Tartuffe was flirting with Elmire. From this accusation Orgon replies to Damis: "I disinherit you; an empty purse / Is all you'll get from me - except my curse!" (III, vii , 68). Madame Pernelle shows the family trait that she shares with her son when she states: "He's a fine man, and should be listened to."(I, i ,44), while speaking of Tartuffe. Although they share this trait throughout the play, Orgon's eyes are finally opened at the end of the play while his mother is still held by the farce of Tartuffe. Although Tartuffe is portrayed as the main character of the play, Orgon is the character who should really be paid attention to the most. As suggested in an essay on "Tartuffe" audiences who concentrate on the character who titles the work may miss the author's point: "...vitriol and spleen vented on one man suggests that Moliere's satire of Orgon, nevermind Tartuffe, was steeped in truth." (Smaje). Orgon is the character who represents the weakness in human nature. This weakness is shown throughout the play. Orgon is so willing to entrust everything he has into the care of Tartuffe. He places Tartuffe above the well being of his family. When he returns from his trip and asks Cleante how the household was while he was gone, Cleante tells him that his wife had been very sick. Orgon's odd response is, "Ah. Weakness in Moliere's Tartuffe :: Tartuffe Essays Weakness in Tartuffe      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The play "Tartuffe", by Moliere, is a work that was created to show people a flaw in their human nature. There are two characters who portray the main flaw presented in the play. Both Madame Pernelle and Orgon are blinded to the farces of Tartuffe and must be coaxed into believing the truth. The fact that Orgon and Madame Pernelle are too weak to see the truth is an important theme of the play. The most obvious weakness shared between Orgon and Madame Pernelle is gullibility. The trait of gullibility can be seen as a family trait as suggested in an essay on "Tartuffe" : "His mother shares his capacity for self-delusion even after Tartuffe has been found out ("We cannot always judge by what we see")" (Weals). Orgon believes because Tartuffe claims to be a man of God he should put everything he has into Tartuffe's hands. He proves how much he believes this after Damis tells him that Tartuffe was flirting with Elmire. From this accusation Orgon replies to Damis: "I disinherit you; an empty purse / Is all you'll get from me - except my curse!" (III, vii , 68). Madame Pernelle shows the family trait that she shares with her son when she states: "He's a fine man, and should be listened to."(I, i ,44), while speaking of Tartuffe. Although they share this trait throughout the play, Orgon's eyes are finally opened at the end of the play while his mother is still held by the farce of Tartuffe. Although Tartuffe is portrayed as the main character of the play, Orgon is the character who should really be paid attention to the most. As suggested in an essay on "Tartuffe" audiences who concentrate on the character who titles the work may miss the author's point: "...vitriol and spleen vented on one man suggests that Moliere's satire of Orgon, nevermind Tartuffe, was steeped in truth." (Smaje). Orgon is the character who represents the weakness in human nature. This weakness is shown throughout the play. Orgon is so willing to entrust everything he has into the care of Tartuffe. He places Tartuffe above the well being of his family. When he returns from his trip and asks Cleante how the household was while he was gone, Cleante tells him that his wife had been very sick. Orgon's odd response is, "Ah.

Are computer teachers better than human teachers Essay

Although computer teachers have some advantages, I prefer humanteachers. Human teachers make learning fun, and they can be caring and understanding. Computer teachers do have some advantages. The computer teachers can teach more than the humanteachers can in about the books. They have better memory than the human teacher has because they are computers, computer can memorize anything. Moreover, computer teachers will be fairly to all of the students. In addition, students learn from the computers, they can learn more independently because t he computer cannot care when they do not pay attention in the class. However, humanteachers sometimes have a sense of humour and are more fun than computers. The human teacher can teach the students in the best way, they know what the students want. Moreover, they can make the students know what life is; the humanteachers can talk their life experience to the students, this is very important to the future of the students. The students can learn some things that out of the books from the humanteachers. Moreover, they will care the students, they will care what do the students will do after school or do they feel happy or not. The humanteachers also can make friends with the students. Computers have not feeling and therefore they do not understand the feeling of students, but teachers care for students and encourage them. Human teachers can do many things to the students but the computer teachers cannot. For example, the ways that they teach, the computer teachers just have one way to teach, but humanteachers have many ways. The computer teachers do not have life experience, they cannot talk about life, but the humanteachers have. The computer will not care about the students and they cannot make friends with the students, but the humanteachers can. Why do the humanteachers can do more things to the students than the computer teachers can? Because they are human, they are not machines. Human know what human want, the human teacher may have the same past to the students. They will understand the students feeling, they can help the student solve their problems. Therefore, the humanteachers are better than the computer teachers  are.

Essay on An Analysis of Roland Barthes’ Death of the Author

An Analysis of Roland Barthes’ Death of the Author â€Å"The birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author.† – Roland Barthes Must the Author be dead to make way for the birth of the reader? In Roland Barthes’ essay â€Å"The Death of the Author,† Barthes asserts that the Author is dead because the latter is no longer a part of the deep structure in a particular text. To him, the Author does not create meaning in the text: one cannot explain a text by knowing about the person who wrote it. A text, however, cannot physically exist disconnected from the Author who writes it. Even if the role of the Author is to mix pre-existing signs, it does not follow that the Author-function is dead. Moreover, Barthes†¦show more content†¦This is a common experience shared by many authors. Authors are accountable for their texts because discourse is personalized. If text is indeed disconnected from its author as Barthes believes, why are authors connected to the responsibilities that texts generate? New Criticism, like Barthes’ â€Å"The Death of the Author†, emphasizes th e text as â€Å"an autotelic artefact, unrelated to the author’s life, intent, or history† (Hedges 1997). The author, however, is a sign of authentication and a lexical marker for an idea (Foucault 1629). Many texts – such as scholarly editing and Johnson’s Dictionary – are valued because they are written by named authors (McDermott 1996). Regardless of whom the Author might be or the extent to which the Author reveals himself[1][1], it is the language that â€Å"acts† and â€Å"performs† (Barthes 1467). Thus, according to Barthes, the text – and not the Author – performs within the time and space that the reader engages himself with it. Reader-Response Criticism agrees that literature is a performative art and that a text only exists when it is read (McManus 1998). This is as problematic as the well-known Zen koan: â€Å"If a tree falls in the forest and no one is there to hear it, does it make any sound?† Yes, the falling tree makes a noise, but only to those within the range of recognition. What if a reader reads a text but does not comprehend it? The text continues to perform, but it also signals the death of the reader whoShow MoreRelatedRoland Barthes developed a range of semiotic tools to analyse the cultural meanings1729 Words   |  7 Pages3. Roland Barthes developed a range of semiotic tools to analyse the cultural meanings that are conveyed in advertising images, in a particular context. Using these semiotic tools, select and analyse four magazine adverts. This essay will discuss Roland Barthes’ ideas and his semiotic tools, and will also look at how Barthes uses these tools to analyse images and how they make us think. Roland Barthes was a French philosopher who wrote many books about the literary theory and semiotics. 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